HARTMAN: ARCHEOLOGICAL RESEARCHES ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF COSTA RICA 55 
canes. For the smaller cylindrical holes, however, some tube with much thinner 
walls must have been employed, a tool of metal or bone. 
1. Bannerstones Having the Shape of Human Heads. 
(a) (Pl. XXV, Fig. 7.) Head of brown stone (impure gypsum’), the front 
adorned with a hair ribbon of herring-bone design; eyes represented by oblong 
conical pits, mouth wide open, ears very large. Height 5.8 cm., breadth 6.8 cm. 
(CatNos is) 
(b) (Pl. XXV, Fig. 6.) Head of gray gypsum with projecting ears, the eyes indi- 
cated by round conical pits. Height 5 cm., breadth 8.9 cm. (Cat. No. 453%.) 
(c) (Pl. XXV, Fig. 3.) Head of jade with a parrot with spread wings seated on 
its top. ‘This is the only club-head in the collection which, instead of having an 
annular perforation through the center, is partly hollowed out from behind and has 
holes for fastening to the staff drilled through to the base of the wings. The teeth 
of this head consist of the walls left between the drill holes of the opening of the 
mouth. Height of object 8.5 cm., breadtn of head 5.4 em. (Cat. No. 43%?.) 
(d) (Pl. XXV, Figs. 4-5.) Finely executed death’s head of opaque, white, 
polished stone. The teeth in both jaws are distinctly marked by rectangular 
incisions. ‘The mouth has been formed by sawing from the front and drilling from 
one corner of the mouth to the opposite. ‘The eyes are each formed by one hollow 
drill-hole, the base of the core, which has been removed, serving as the pupil. The 
ears are made by first applying a large hollew drill and leaving the base of the cir- 
cular core in its place, upon which the center is again drilled with 
a small circular hole. Height 8.4 em., length 10.9 cm. (Nat. 
Mus. of Costa Rica, No. 8923.) 
(ec) (Pl. XXV, Figs. 1-2.) Death’s head of white, polished 
stone. In this specimen the mouth has been made by drilling 
from one corner of the mouth to the other and by two drill holes 
from the front, the walls serving as teeth. There are also tooth 
Fig. 67. Death’s 
head from Chichen- 
marks on what appear as the lips. Height 7.3 cm., length 9.9 cm. ttza. 1 
(Nat. Mus. of Costa Rica No. 10966.) 
Fig. 67. A death’s head somewhat resembling the above was found at the ruins 
of Chichen-Itza in Yucatan and is here reproduced for comparison. It was figured 
and described by Dr. Arthur Scott ” and also reproduced by Dr. Charles Rau." It 
is described as made of silicified wood, measuring 0.25 by 0.22 cm. and to have in 
15Scott, Arthur, Remarks on Ancient Relics of Maya Sculpture. Smithsonian Report, 1871, pp. 423-435. 
16 Rau, Charles, Archzological Collections of the United States National Museum. Smithsonian Contributions to 
Knowledge, 1876, p. 55. 
