l8 CADUCIBR ANCHIATA . 



and fuscus, Rafinesque ; Sirena maculosa, Rafinesque ; 

 Phanerobranchus cepedii, Fitzinger; Siredon hyemalis, 

 Kneeland and the following probably: Necturus macu- 

 latus, Baird ; Proteus maculatus, Barnes ; Menobranchus 

 maculatus, Holbrook ; Menobranchus punctatus, Gibbes. 



Body cylindrical, smooth, brownish, with darker spots 

 and often a black lateral line; head broad, depressed; 

 eyes moderate; nostrils small; muzzle truncate; teeth 

 large and conical; gular fold very strongly developed; 

 gills red, three on each side. 



Length i^ feet. 



Habitat the Great Lakes, Lake Champlain, Ohio and 

 Alleghany Rivers, and Santee River? 



Kneeland (47 b and c) states that this animal is noc- 

 turnal, feeds upon worms, cannot digest minnows, but 

 lias its gills nibbled off by small fish, and hence can sur- 

 vive by cutaneous and pulmonary respiration, Smith 

 (48) confirms Kneeland's view of the pulmonary, as well 

 as branchial respiration, in that he succeeded in inflating 

 one of the pulmonary sacs. He also found a Libellula 

 larva in the animal's stomach. 



Caducibranchiata. 



Branchias not present in the adult state ; maxillary and 

 nasal bones large; prefrontals usually present; prse- 

 maxilla? separate or anchylosed, and always dentigerous. 



