460 



ME. il. M. DEELEY ON THE PLEISTOCENE 



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horizontal, range in age from 

 Carboniferous to Cretaceous. 

 Carboniferous rocks are not so 

 numerous as they are in the sand 

 below ; they have been derived, 

 not directly from their parent 

 rocks, but from the older Pleis- 

 tocene Boulder-clays. 



At the north end of the cutting 

 the Boulder-clay was exposed to 

 a depth of about 20 feet. 



Good sections were also at one 

 time to be seen in the Chellaston 

 railway-cutting, near the junc- 

 tion. Here the upper 5 feet is a 

 brown pebbly clay, highly con- 

 torted and resting upon dull, 

 stiff, purplish, silty, compact 

 clay, which is also studded with 

 pebbles and boulders. Inter- 

 bedded with the purple clay are 

 seams and pockets of soft brown 

 sand containing minute pebbles 

 of coal and hard chalk. Smooth 

 and rounded boulders are com- 

 mon. In some spots the drift 

 consists of stiff dark clay, with 

 boulders stuck in it at all angles, 

 and showing no trace of aqueous 

 action. This, however, is by no 

 means the rule, for the clay is 

 generally a silt, and in some 

 places showed distinct stratifica- 

 tion. Large boulders of Car- 

 boniferous limestone and Coal- 

 measure sandstone occur, but 

 they are not plentiful. In the 

 I bo upper contorted surface portion 

 are gravelly beds composed almost 

 entirely of rounded chalk peb- 

 bles and bits of flint. The blue 

 clay passes down into brown silty 

 Boulder-clay, and in the cutting 

 nearer the station it overlies a 

 thin bed of gravel. 



East of Chellaston the Great 

 Chalky Boulder-clay is not met 

 with again until we come to the 

 extensive mass almost covering 

 the high ridge between South 



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