Vol. 62.] THE CLAY-WITH-PLINTS. 163 



North Downs, and showed that such a sheet was, not 4 merely 

 hypothetical, but highly probable. On .the older theory of the 

 Clay-with-Flints being the undissolved residue of the Chalk alone, 

 he had always found it difficult to account for the large proportion 

 of clayey matter present. The zone of Micraster cor-anguinum 

 might certainly yield the flints, and possibly flints were necessary 

 to hold the clay in place. If so, this would account for its absence 

 over the northern part of the Chalk in Surrey, because this was 

 now known to be largely the zone of Marsupites, which yielded 

 very few flints. lie believed that the overstepping of the Eocene 

 strata was greater than the Author stated, as they rested at Worms 

 Heath upon the zone of Micraster cor-testudinarium, and at Willey 

 Heath, near the Caterham boring, upon that of Holaster planus. 



Mr. Steahajst asked for a definition of the term Clay-with- 

 Flints. 



Mr. S. Hazzledine Wakken said that he was gratified to find his 

 views, which he recently brought before the Anthropological Institute 

 in another connection, so amply confirmed : those, namely, with 

 regard to the kneading-together into a common mass of superficial 

 beds of various ages and of different origin, during their gradual 

 movement from higher to lower levels. With reference to Mr. 

 Monckton's remarks on the brickearth of Caddington, it was worthy 

 of note that this yielded Palaeolithic implements of Mousterien age ; 

 while in Kent, certain very similar brickearths of the Chalk-tract 

 yielded Neolithic remains, even to a considerable depth, including 

 polished stone axe-blades, arrow-points of the usual types, and 

 fragments of primitive pottery. Such rain-wash or stream-laid 

 brickearths might, therefore, be of different ages, and have little 

 in common with the Clay-with-Flints. He was quite unable to 

 agree with Mr. Kennard that the hill-drifts must necessarily be 

 older than the valley-drifts, as it was of the essence of the former 

 that they should be formed on the hills, and not in the valleys. 

 Ancient valley-drifts frequently capped the summit of the existing 

 hills ; but the true hill-drifts, in the speaker's opinion, were of 

 different origin. 



Mr. W. P. D. Stebbing, in referring to the superficial deposits on 

 the North Downs south of Epsom, said that he had always taken 

 the term Clay-w T ith-Flints to mean a formation distinct from 

 the jumble of materials which the Author included in his rendering 

 of the term, and which might be a mixture of Thanet Sands, 

 Woolwich & Reading Beds, and Blackheath Beds, or one or 

 two of these redeposited. He understood by the term Clay- 

 with-Flints a bed of stiff, usually red, clay with unrolled and 

 practically-unbroken flints, resting upon and within swallow-holes 

 in the Chalk, and occurring nearer the edge of the escarpment than 

 the redeposited Lower London Tertiaries. He considered this bed 

 to show distinct evidence of having been formed by a slow 

 dissolving-away of the Chalk, and therefore of a different age 

 from the worked-up mass of Tertiaries, which occurred rather 

 farther from the edge of the escarpment and showed clear traces of 

 a movement and rearrangement on a much larger scale than the 



