Vol. 62.] HIGHEST SILURIAN ROCKS OE THE LUDLOW DISTRICT. 201 



are certainly preseDt in the position noticed by him ; but we are 

 of opinion that their presence may be explained by the folding 

 rather than by faulting, and the apparent discordance between the 

 eastern and the western cliff is due to the rapid pitching-away of 

 this fold in an east-north-easterly direction. 



The Caynham inlier appears to be part of an anticline faulted on 

 every side. The septal fault on its northern limit is part of a long 

 line of dislocation, extending right across the country from east- 

 north-east to west-south-west, which, like the septal fault to the 

 north, also changes its throw from north to south along its length ; 

 a relief-fault truncates the eastern extremity of the inlier, and it 

 appears to be faulted all along its southern side also. 



Another fault which ends against the main Caynham dislocation- 

 line runs up Mary-Knowl Dingle, and forms the southern limit of 

 our map; it appears to approximate more closely to a north-west and 

 south-east direction than any of the relief-faults of the Armorican 

 System, and may be an old Caledonian relief-fault affected by the 

 later movement. 



IV. Scenery. 



The most noticeable feature in the scenery of the district is the 

 marked difference in the character of the country occupied by the 

 Old Red Sandstone and the Silurian rocks respectively. The Old 

 Red Sandstone constitutes, as it were, a plain of arable and pasture- 

 land where the only undulations consist of small isolated hills, due 

 to the presence of cornstones. Erom this Old-Red-Sandstone plain 

 the Silurian rocks rise everywhere to form wooded slopes of con- 

 siderable elevation ; when the succession is complete, the slope down 

 to the Old Red Sandstone is fairly uniform, but when broken by 

 faults the fall of the ground is usually very abrupt. 



Prom such a structure it follows that there is a tendenc3 T on the 

 part of the rivers to cut gorges in the Silurian rocks, while they 

 meander over the country occupied by the Old Red Sandstone ; and 

 in only one case have we found that the direction of the drainage is 

 in any way connected with the faulting : this being the course of the 

 River Onny above Onibury. 



V. Detailed Description of the Beds. 



In describing the geology of the district we have only dealt in 

 detail with those sections which, being more or iess continuous, give 

 a real clue to the succession ; these may be grouped geographically, 

 as follows : — 



Sections near Ludlow. 



(a) River Teme. 



(b) Wig-more Road. 



(c) Deerhouse Bank. 

 Caynham inlier. 



Sections near Downton Castle. 



(a) River Teme. 



(b) North-east of the Castle. 



Downton-Castle inlier. 



Mocktree. 



Sections near Ouibury. 



(a) Craven- Arms Road. 

 {b) Onibury-Norton Lane. 

 (c) Norton. 



