Vol. 62.] CHALK AND DRIFT IN MOEN. 487 



Papers by Prof. Bonney and myself have shown l that in Riigen 

 also the Chalk suffered extensive pre-Glacial disturbance. The Drift- 

 inclusions there are of a different nature, but reasons can be seen. 

 In Eiigen they occupy V-shaped trenches, down which brooks run 

 to the sea. The surface of the high ground in Moen is much less 

 extensive : there are no brooks comparable with those in Itiigen, and 

 no such V-shaped trenches. The Drift in these Riigen trenches 

 shows beds of clay with intercalated sand. There is no such well- 

 marked stratification in the Moen Drift : at a distance of so many 

 miles, similarity is not to be expected. There are, however, in 

 Moen, indications of bedding or banding in the clay at several 

 points. Also there are, as in Iiiigen, some indications of a more 

 extensive succession. The Drift at beach-level is almost always 

 clay : at the mouth of a valley called Sandskredsfald, shingle is seen 

 above the clay in well-marked beds, to a thickness of some 60 

 feet or more ; and some shingle is seen elsewhere. Sand is seen over 

 clay in several places, and over the shingle wherever that occurs. 

 Many large boulders are scattered over the sand, and are found 

 even on the highest parts of the hills. The largest of all, called 

 Svantevidsten, about 8 feet in its smallest dimension, lies but a 

 few feet below the top of Aborreberg, the highest point of Moen. 

 Thus here, as well as in Riigen, there seems to be a succession in 

 the Drift. 



I made some other observations which seem worth putting on 

 record. 



Chalk-slopes rise from the beach to the base of the cliffs some 

 60 or 80 feet, and in gullies and recesses run up to any further 

 height. At first sight, one would take these for talus-slopes, built- 

 up of debris from the cliffs. But they are not talus : the debris on 

 them is only 2 or 3 inches deep ; below they are slopes of solid chalk. 

 I first noticed this in rain-water channels ; and afterwards in places 

 where the waves have begun to cut into their bases. The lines of 

 flint in them are seen to be continuous and unbroken, as in the 

 cliffs above. At my last visit, it appeared to me that this process of 

 cutting into these slopes, and forming fresh miniature cliffs at their 

 bases, had only begun in the last year or two. Without attempting 

 any hypothetical explanation of these solid regular slopes, I certainly 

 think that they suggest some succession of changes in the relative 

 positions of land and sea. If so, do they not constitute a warning 

 against assertions that denudation since Glacial times must have 

 produced this or that amount of effect ? For they remind us of 

 our ignorance as to the times during which denudation has been 

 active or quiescent. 



Sommerspiret is a headland crowned with a pinnacle of Chalk. 

 Its southern side, under the pinnacle, is a nearly vertical cliff-face. 

 Over this face are scattered hollows, showing white against a grey 

 weathered surface. There must be a skin of tougher material 

 protecting softer material behind it : wherever the skin has given 



1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. lv (1899) p. 315 & vol. lvii (1901) p. 16. 



