Vol. 62.] CHALK AND DRIFT IN MOEN. 489 



We have, in both cases, a series of furrows distributed over the 

 surfaces of soluble rocks, following routes obviously different from 

 those taken by the ordinary watercourses. 



Mr. H. B. Woodward commented on the similarity between some 

 of the phenomena described by the Author and those connected with 

 the Chalky Boulder-Clay in East Anglia ; and he thought that, if 

 the Author had believed in the great Baltic Glacier his difficulties 

 would have vanished. 



Mr. Lamplugh recognized the possibility that patches of Drift 

 might lodge against a pre-Glacial cliff, but thought that the scanty 

 evidence brought forward by the Author was insufficient to warrant 

 the new interpretation which he proposed for the Moen sections, 

 and that the previous explanation of the phenomena by Glacial 

 disturbance was in closer accord with the facts. 



Prof. Bonney said that, as he had accompanied the Author on his 

 first visit to Moen, he could testify to the accuracy with which its 

 sections had been described. The Chalk there had, no doubt, been 

 disturbed, but by earth-movements, not ice-thrusts. We might 

 almost as well appeal to the latter to explain the flexures at the 

 Needles or Culver Cliff. He knew the karren of the Alps (men- 

 tioned by a previous speaker), but there was little resemblance 

 between these and the furrows on the chalk-cliffs in Moen and 

 liiigen, although both were due to the action of water. The Glacial 

 Drift at Moen occupied cavities in the Chalk, which might indeed 

 have been originated by fissures or dislocations, but had been 

 afterwards enlarged by the action of water — were similar, he 

 believed, to those existing in the Chalk under London. Some of 

 these had been exposed by denudation, and into them the Drift had 

 made its way. While it was quite possible that a pre-Glacial line 

 of cliffs might in places have been disclosed, he would not lay much 

 stress on that possibility, for he thought that what could now be 

 seen was explicable by the sea, as it encroached, laying bare these 

 Drift-filled channels. 



Prof. Boyd Dawkins remarked that Prof. Bonney's views were 

 in unison with what he himself knew of the water-passages that 

 occur in the Chalk of this country. Many of these were pre-Glacial, 

 and where Drifts occurred they were swept in. There was, indeed, 

 nothing remarkable in finding Boulder-Clay in cavities in the Chalk, 

 and similarly in the Carboniferous Limestone (as, for example, at 

 the Victoria Cave, near Settle). There was no necessity to invoke 

 the power of ice, or any other such agency, to ram such deposits by 

 sheer dynamical force into the Chalk. 



Mr. Wuitakee asked whether there was any difference between 

 the Boulder-Clay of the hollows down in the Chalk and that of the 

 massive deposit, and suggested that, if the clay had been carried 

 down by water, or otherwise reconstructed, it ought to differ from 

 the undisturbed clay. 



Prof. Garwood said that he was interested in seeing the Author's 

 admirable photographs illustrating the relationship between the 

 Chalk and the Clay in Moen. He did not gather from the Author 



