Vol. 62.] ANNIVERSARY ADDEESS OF THE PRESIDENT. lxix 



of the district is discussed. This radial drainage had, by the way, 

 been admirably described many years previously in a ' Topographical 

 Description of the Country of the English Lakes/ by the poet 

 AYordsworth, which appeared first as an essay in a rare work by 

 the Eev. Joseph Wilkinson, was republished with his Sonnets to the 

 Duddon and other poems in 1820, and subsequently in a 'Complete 

 Guide to the Lakes/ published by J. Hudson, of Kendal. 



Hopkins argues that a series of dislocations was produced after 

 the deposition of the Lower Palaeozoic rocks, and before the depo- 

 sition of the Carboniferous deposits on their eroded edges ; that the 

 surface of these denuded ancient deposits was approximately a 

 plane horizontal surface upon which the Carboniferous rocks were laid 

 down, covering the older rocks ; and that, after other movements, 

 the New-Red-Sandstone deposits covered, at any rate, the western 

 and south-western portions of the district. He maintains that 

 subsequently to the formation of the first set of dislocations another 

 set was established, although he fails to find evidence showing the 

 date of production of the second set. The formation of a dome is 

 assigned to a period subsequent to the accumulation of the New Red 

 Sandstone, and the significant remark appears that ' Stainmoor may 

 not have finally emerged from the water till after the Tertiary 

 Period.' l It is true that this late emergence seems to be suggested, 

 in order to account for the distribution of the erratic blocks ; but 

 the fact that Hopkins believed in the possibility of very late move- 

 ments in the district is worth noting. The character of the dome is 

 described with great accuracy, and I quote this part of Hopkins's 

 paper at length, reproducing two of his diagrams (op. cit. p. 82). 



' If we conceive,' says he. ' the surface of junction of the mountain limestone 

 and other formations to be continued .... over the central portion of our 

 district, the elevation of this imaginary surface will represent that geological 

 elevation which has given to the district its general external configuration, 

 independently of local irregularities. This surface, if seen from a point 



Pig. 1. 



Kirkstonc Fell. Lune valley. Howgil Fell. 



sufficiently distant on the west, would present the appearance of a flat dome ■ 

 and if seen from the south its outline would resemble that of the annexed 

 diagram [fig. 1], which represents a section along the axis of the district from 

 W.N.W. to E.S.E. Also the form of the area of the district bears a general 



1 Op. cit. p. 81. 



