lxxxiv PKOCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [May I906, 



in which the New-Eed-Sandstone deposits were at first mainly- 

 formed, abutting against the block-hills. Prof. P. F. Kendall has 

 given evidence of the nature of the movement along the Pennine 

 fault in Permian times. 1 So far as the Northern Pennines are 

 concerned the fold was of the nature of a very asymmetrical arch 

 and trough with a steep middle limb inclined to the west, from the 

 top of which the strata dipped eastward at a gentle angle and from 

 the base of which they rose also at a gentle angle to the west. 

 Along the Pennine fold the Lower Palaeozoic rocks of the Crossfell 

 Inlier may, as Prof. Kendall suggests, have been exposed by denu- 

 dation. West of the Lake District they certainly were so exposed 

 in Triassic times, as shown by the present repose of rocks of that 

 age on the Lower Palaeozoic rocks between St. Bees and the country 

 north-west of the Duddon estuary. 



Throughout Perrao-Triassic times movement may have taken 

 place along the Pennine, Dent, and Craven Faults — in the case of 

 the first two in connexion with the north-and-south Pennine axis, and 

 in that of the third in connexion with the axis which runs east and 

 west. That movement did take place along the Pennine and Craven 

 Paults after the deposition of the Permian rocks is shown by the 

 fact that these rocks abut against the Carboniferous along the 

 Pennine Fault, and also along the Craven Fault near Ingleton ; 

 while the abrupt truncation of the Dent Fault by the Craven Fault 

 indicates that the formation of the former was anterior to that of 

 the latter. 



Notwithstanding these movements, it is very doubtful whether 

 any portion of the Lake District or of the Pennine Chain projected 

 above the Permo-Triassic rocks at the end of Permo-Triassic 

 times, for we have seen that the evidence furnished by the 

 lithological characters and the present dip of the Carboniferous 

 rocks indicates that they once extended over the district, as argued 

 by Hopkins ; and where these Carboniferous rocks were removed 

 by denudation along the western margin of the district between 

 St. Bees and the Duddon estuary in pre-Triassic times, the dip of 

 the Triassic rocks (if continued eastward) would carry them over the 

 district, as was also argued by Hopkins. There seems every reason 

 to suppose that, at the close of the Triassic Period, the Lower Palaeo- 

 zoic rocks of Lakeland were buried beneath a cover of newer rocks 

 of Carboniferous age and New-Red-Sandstone age. There certainly 



1 Eep. Brit Assoc. 1902 (Belfast) p. 604, & Geol. Mag. dec. iv, vol. ix 

 (1902) p. 510. 



