Vol. 62.] ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. lxxxvii 



Sandstone, letting down the newer rocks of Edenside on the 

 downthrow side to the west of the fracture. This fault, which is 

 seen to be partly of a date subsequent to the accumulation of the 

 St. Bees Sandstone, would, if it had undergone movement in post- 

 PJiaetic times, account for the existence of the Rhaetic outlier to the 

 west of Carlisle. 



Let us now consider the Lake-District rocks in relationship to this 

 Rhaetic outlier. A section drawn in a north-easterly direction, from 

 the Lake-District Pells near Crummock across the Rhaetic outlier 

 of Carlisle, and then east to the Pennine Chain, is reproduced in fig. 3 

 (p. lxxxvi). Leaving the faults out of consideration, for they are 

 but subsidiary to the folds, the rocks of Edenside 1 lie in a syncline 

 between the older rocks of the Pennine Chain and of Lakeland, the 

 newest rocks of the syncline being the Rhaetic deposits to which 

 reference has been made. The folding, therefore, is in part post- 

 Rhaetic. But the north-eastern slopes of the Lake District form the 

 middle limb common to the Edenside syncline and the Lake-District 

 dome : consequently the age of the uplift which formed the dome is, 

 in part at any rate, post-Rhaetic. 



These Rhaetic rocks elsewhere in Britain are succeeded by the 

 whole of the deposits of the Jurassic System, formed at a time 

 during which there is no evidence of great movements in the British 

 area such as would have formed the dome. The only marked break 

 in Britain among the Mesozoic rocks above the Rhaetic beds is that 

 of Middle Cretaceous times. The uplift, then, might have occurred 

 in the Middle Cretaceous period. But the lie of the Chalk in the 

 Xorth-East of Ireland and in Yorkshire respectively seems to 

 necessitate the formation of an intervening anticline in times sub- 

 sequent to the Chalk. In fact, the arguments previously advanced 

 in the case of the Rhaetic strata on opposite sides of the Pennines 

 apply also to the Chalk, which probably occupies part of the Irish 

 Sea, as suggested by the abundant chalk-flints which were dispersed 

 southward in Glacial times. 



Again, the uplift at the end of Cretaceous times over our islands 

 does not appear to have given rise to great elevations, the uncon- 

 formity between Cretaceous and Eocene rocks when seen being some- 

 what trivial. It is quite possible, therefore, that what is now the 

 Lake District and adjoining country was at one time covered by 

 rocks of later Mesozoic and early Tertiary age, for the great move- 



1 A term used by the late Mr. J. G. Goodchild for the physiographic lowlands 

 between the Lake-District and Pennine uplands, of which the actual Eden 

 Valley forms but a portion. 



