Vol. 6z.~] ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. XCix 



produced by the Dent Fault, towards the northern margin of the 

 subsidiary dome. 



The various streams, the general courses of which have been 

 described, must have flowed into the depressions formed around the 

 uplifts ; and we may now notice the arrangement of the rivers in 

 these depressions. The rivers, along those portions of their courses, 

 will naturally occupy synclinal valleys. 



Treating the uplift as a whole, we have, as already noted, two 

 depressions on the east side, the northern one being occupied by 

 those portions of Edenside which lie on the jSTew-Red-Sandstone 

 rocks, the southernmost (which is shorter, owing to the asym- 

 metrical arrangement of the south-eastern dome) carrying the lower 

 waters of the Lune about Lancaster to the portion which is now 

 drowned, forming Morecambe Bay. 



The synclinal rivers which must have existed west of the district, 

 if the uplift was sufficient (as was probably the case) to cause the 

 low-lying tracts surrounding the uplift to become land, are also 

 drowned, lying beneath the waters of the Irish Sea. 



The lines of junction of the main and subsidiary uplifts would 

 also be occupied by synclinal valleys. The westerly course of the 

 Glenderamackin valley north of Saddleback, and the northerly 

 course of the Derwent, into which it flows by Bassenthwaite Lake, 

 would be accounted for by the subsidiary uplift of the Skiddaw 

 tract. 



Again, in the case of the Howgill uplift, we find the stream 

 which flows westward from Ravenstonedale to Tebay and joins the 

 Birkbeck at that place, in a syncline between the Lake-District and 

 Howgill uplifts ; and the lower waters of the Kent, from Kendal to 

 its estuary, also occupy a syncline between these two uplifts. 



At the time when this drainage was initiated, the whole area 

 was, according to my view, occupied by rocks of Mesozoic or perhaps 

 Tertiary age, and the rivers at first coursed over these rocks. Many 

 tributaries would, no doubt, be developed before these rocks were 

 denuded ; and also primary dip-streams, which rose, not at the 

 centre of the dome, but some way down its slopes, as, for instance, 

 the Mite, and probably the river occupying the Coniston valley. 

 It remains to discuss the changes which took place after the covering 

 of newer rocks was removed by denudation, and after the drainage 

 had worked its way down to the Lower Palgeozoic rocks. In 



