Vol. 62.] ANNIVEESAEY ADDEESS OP THE PEESIDENT. CXVH 



waters of the Langstrath valley, if they previously flowed in the 

 direction of Watendlath. If they did not, they would have flowed 

 in their present direction, and the case is perfectly simple. 



When the drainage of the Langstrath was connected with that 

 along the Rosthwaite shatter-belt, the Langstrath valley would also 

 he deepened along its own shatter- belt and establish its present 

 grade. In so doing, it would convert the valley, through which 

 the path over the Stake Pass comes, into the hanging valley which 

 it now is. 



It is, however, the Seathwaite branch of Borrowdale that presents 

 points of the greatest interest. I shall give reasons for believing 

 that considerable modifications have occurred along the course of 

 this valley, which produce some very striking scenic features. It 

 will perhaps render the explanation simpler, if at the outset I state 

 what I consider to have been the course of this old stream, as 

 shown in the map (fig. 7, p. cxiv) and section (fig. 8, facing p. cxviii) 

 and then discuss the evidence which points to my conclusion. 



I believe that the Seathwaite feeder of Borrowdale originally 

 rose on Scawfell Pike (3209 feet) and flowed generally northward 

 through a valley which has now been cut through by the head of 

 Wastdale. The remnant of this valley mouths at about 1750 feet 

 on the south side of the present Wastdale Valley, and its beheaded 

 part is again struck at the north side of that valley close to Sty- 

 Head Pass (1500 feet). Thence it has undergone little change 

 for about a mile, until it mouths above Taylor-Gill Force at about 

 1250 feet. It then flowed far above the present valley past Giller- 

 combe above Seathwaite hamlet, which mouths at about 1000 feet, 

 and to Seatoller where the Honister Valley mouths at 950 feet, some 

 way back from the course of the old valley. It then passed between 

 High Doat and Seatoller Fell, where a depression at 785 feet 

 marks its course, and farther north between Castle Crag (west of 

 the Jaws of Borrowdale) and Lobstone Band, where there is another 

 depression at 695 feet, and so over the fall-line on to the Skiddaw 

 Slates, to join the other feeder of the Derwent about the site of 

 Derwentwater. 



In the section (fig. 8, facing p. cxviii), which is drawn to true 

 scale, vertical and horizontal, the broken line represents the present 

 line of drainage and the continuous line the supposed ancient line. 



The heights of the various points enumerated, which are all those 

 of important and exceptional physical features that require ex- 

 planation, can hardly occur along the gradually-falling line which is 



