ON THE CA.E GWYN CAVE. 113 



In this paper I shall only bring forward the additional evidence 

 which has been obtained bearing upon the age and origin of the 

 marine drift near Ffynnon Beuno without going far into the question 

 of the place of those beds among the Pleistocene deposits of North 

 Wales. 



From an examination of its lithological character and mode of 

 occurrence, I referred the main mass of drift outside the Cae Gwyn 

 Cave to the second stage ; that is, I considered it to be post-glacial, 

 and of approximately the same age as the St. Asaph drift. This 

 view, however, was disputed. It was asserted that " the high-level 

 drift at Cae Gwyn is a true undisturbed glacial deposit," while it 

 was allowed that the St. Asaph drift " must certainly be considered 

 the newest, as it is mainly remanieJ^ But no satisfactory expla- 

 nation was offered of the mixture of granite and flint with the 

 western fragments, on which I chiefly relied for the identification of 

 the Cae Gwyn deposit with the St. Asaph Drift. 



The views I then put forward have been fully sustained by the 

 observations made during the last summer. 



We have again to record our thanks to Mr. Morgan, of Cae 

 Gwyn, for allowing us to carry on the work, and for much kindness 

 during its progress. 



There are many caves in the Ffynnon Beuno gorge. There is the 

 large cave (to which it has been proposed to confine the name 

 Ffynnon Beuno), which was occupied by cattle when first I knew it. 

 There is the upper cave, now spoken of as the Cae Gwyn Cave, along 

 the lower or southern opening into which a small quarry has been 

 opened. There is a cavernous mass behind the cottage on the 

 opposite side of the gorge, two of the caves in which I have 

 referred to and figured in illustration of the mode of formation of 

 the Cae Gwyn Cave ; and in the potato-garden behind Ffynnon Beuno 

 Inn there is a cave, probably one of a system running down in a 

 westerly direction with the fall of the rocks towards the Vale of 

 Clwyd. These last are probably fiushed by water in every flood, and 

 connected with the drainage-system which feeds St. Beuno's well. 

 The latest excavations in Cae Gwyn Cave have shown that that cave 

 extends in a northerly direction, dropping in all probability by 

 swallow-holes to the level of the lower and larger cave mentioned 

 above. 



The literature of the subject is beginning to assume considerable 

 dimensions, not only because different observers approaching the 

 phenomena from different points of view have arrived at different 

 conclusions, but also because the progress of discovery has brought 

 to light new evidence from time to time, and inquiries into analo- 

 gous cases and into the sequence of events elsewhere in Pliocene 

 and Pleistocene times have furnished arguments in support of the 

 various interpretations put upon the facts brought to light during 

 the excavations. 



The first notice is, I believe, the Eeport of the Excursion of the 

 Chester Society of Natural Science, published in the 'Chester Chro- 

 nicle' of July 28, 1883, when, in the course of my observations on 



Q. J. G. S. No. 173. I 



