336 ME. W. HILL OK THE LOWER BEDS OE THE UPPER 



land, that the chalk here has given way considerably by reason of 

 the gradual undermining of a spring which issues from the hill just 

 below, and now the section, of which full particulars are given on 

 page 339, is exposed to view. 



Except that the Eed Chalk has thinned from 7 feet to 2 feet, 

 there is a resemblance in the details of the lower part of this section 

 to that in the railway-cutting. 



Oxford Clay is here the formation on which the Eed Chalk may be 

 said to rest ; but between the two is a well-defined layer, not more 

 than 6 inches thick, of a yellowish material, full of dark-coloured 

 oolitic grains, coarse quartz-sand, and small lumps or nodules of 

 ironstone having an oolitic structure. This bed passes up rapidly 

 into Eed Chalk, there being no definite boundary-line. The Eed 

 Chalk itself is weU marked, 2 feet thick, capped by a paler band, 

 full of quartz and mineral grains &c., and contains the characteristic 

 Belemnite. 



Except as fragments scattered along the hillside, the Eed Chalk 

 is not seen again for some distance. 



On the south-west side of an outlier on which Wharram Grange 

 Earm is situated, and just beyond the west end of Earthquake plan- 

 tation, the basal beds of the Chalk are exposed in rather a confused 

 manner by a large slip in the hillside ; but evidence is given here of 

 a somewhat peculiar state of things. The deep red colour, so striking 

 a feature in the Eed Chalk, is gone, and the beds assume a dirty 

 yellow colour, which is here and there streaked, veined, or mottled 

 by brown rust-like stainings. 



The foot or eighteen inches which appears to occupy the position 

 of, and to represent, stratigraphically and palseontologically, the Eed 

 Chalk is intensely hard, and in its lithological characters seemed to 

 me to resemble the Sponge-bed rather than the true Eed Chalk. It 

 is full of large fragments of oolitic ironstone, quartz, and oolitic 

 grains. It is also very fossiliferous. Belemnites minimus^ Tere- 

 hratula hijjlicata and T. cajjillata, and Cardiaster suhorhicularis 

 are common. Fragments of Ammonites also occurred, which, 

 although in too poor a state of preservation to admit of positive 

 identification, appear to belong to Ammonites auntus or its varieties. 

 About a quarter of a mile to the south fragments of the Eed Chalk 

 lying on the hillside showed a reddish tint. Prof. J. E. Blake 

 records the following section near Wharram Station ; its position with 

 regard to the last would be little more than a mile to the E.S.E. 



The details are as follows : — 



ft, in. 



1. Flintless chalk, with Holaster suhglobosus and Terehra- 



tula semiglohosa 20 



2. Yellow, reddish Chalk with rounded quartz-grains, 



most calcareous towards the top, becoming argilla- 

 ceous below, with Belemnites minimus and Terehratula 

 hiplicata 2 



3. Dark ferruginous Grit, becoming yellow and argilla- 



ceous above, passing into ]S"o. 2 1 6 



4. Black Kimmeridge Clay with doggers, with a marked 



junction with the overlying beds. 



