MARINE FOSSILS IN THE COAL-MEASURES OF FIFE. 751 



it may be useful to mention, for the sake of including here all that 

 is as yet known on the subject. 



In Lanarkshire the following species have been found by the Geo- 

 logical Survey in the Slaty-band Ironstone (or in strata connected 

 therewith) at the base of the Coal-measures* : — Gonulciria quadri- 

 sulcata, Belhrophon Urei, B. decussatiis, Lo.vonema or Marchisonia 

 sp., Schizodus sp., Productns loiigispinus, Dlscina nitida, Lingula 

 mi/tiloides, L. squamiformis, SerpulUes carhonarlus. 



Lim/ida squamiformis is also recorded by the same observers as 

 occurring higher in the series, in the Airdrie or Quarter Blackband 

 Ironstonef. 



The same authorities found Aviculopecten papyraceus and Posi- 

 donomya^ sp., still higher, in a shale some distance above the Ell 

 Coal J. 



Probably from near the same horizon Mr. Dunlop has recently 

 discovered, in the Airdrie Coal-field, Avicidopecten papijraceus and 

 Orthoceras attenuatum^ along with fish-remains, and the common 

 Coal-measure Ostracod, Beijrichia arcuata §. 



Higher still, near the top of the Coal-measures {d' of Geol, Surv., 

 or workable portion), and thus probably at about the same horizon 

 as the Fifeshire bed, Mr. Skipsey discovered, in 1865, the following 

 marine fossils at the sinking of a pit at Drumpark, to the east of 

 Glasgow II : — Conularia quadristdcata, Schizodus deltoideus, Pro- 

 diictus scahriculus, Dlscina nitida, and the pentagonal stems of a 

 crinoid. These fossils were imbedded in shale and ironstone nodules, 

 the Productus being the most common. 



There are, thus, not less than four horizons at which marine 

 fossils are found in the Coal-measures of the West of Scotland. 



England. — In England the occurrence of marine fossils in Coal- 

 measures has been recorded from various districts. 



Among the earliest notices is that by Prof. John Phillips, who 

 described the finding of Aviculopecten, Posidonomya, Goniatites, and 

 Orthoceras in the roof of one of the Lower or Gannister coals near 

 Leeds, Bradford, Halifax, and other places in Yorkshire ^ . 



Mr. E. W. Binney afterwards described similar marine bands in 

 the Gannister coals of Lancashire, where they are found overlying 

 several coal-seams of that series. Aviculopecten, Goniatites, Ortho- 

 ceras, and other species are found in these beds **. 



It was pointed out by Mr. Binney that such fossils are seen at 

 more than one horizon in Yorkshire, and that they are also met 

 with in the same series of strata in Derbyshire, Staffordshire, 

 Cheshire, and Elint tt. 



* Memoirs of Geol. Surv. Scotl., Esplauation of Sheet 23, p. 23 ; Expl. Sheet 

 31, pp. 74, 75, 80. 



t Ibid., Explan Sheet 23, p. 91. 



\ Ibid., Explan. Sheet 23, p. 92. 



§ From information supplied by my friend Mr. John Young, of Glasgow. 



II Trans. Geol. Soc. Grlasgow, 1865, vol. ii. p. 52. 



% Manual of G-eology. 1855, p. 183. 



** Trans. Manchester Geol. Soc. 1860, vol. ii. pp. 72-83. 



tt Log. cit. pp. 79, 83. 



3d2 



