752 



ME. J. "W. KIEKBY ON THE OCCTJEEENCE OF 



These Aviculopecten-hands of the Lower Coal-measures are 

 described in the Memoirs of the Geological Survey for Lancashire, 

 and the following is the list of fossils from them, after Mr. Salter : — 



Orthoceras, sp. 



Discites, sj). 



Goniatites Listeri, Martin. 



paucilobus, Phill. 



sp., near truncatus. 



Aviciilopecten papyraceus, Goldf. 



Posidonomya Gibsoni, Brown, 



Isevigata, Brown. 



Monotis Isevis, Brown. 



? (Gervillia) obtusa, Brown. 



Lingula mytiloides, Sow. 

 Beyrichia arcuata, Bean. 



Another marine bed of the Lancashire Coal-field appears near the 

 top of the Middle Coal-measures, the middle measures of Lan- 

 cashire being the same as the Coal-measures proper of the Korth of 

 England and Scotland {d' of the Geol. Survey). Attention was 

 first drawn to it by Prof. A. H. Green, who noticed its outcrop 

 on the banks of the river Tame, at Ashton-under-Lyne, in 1864, 

 and where I saw it in 1866 in company with my old friend 

 Mr. Binney. The fossils occur in a thick stratum of grey shale ; 

 and they were considered by Mr. Salter to be wholly distinct, 

 A. papyraceus excepted, from the species of the Lower Coal- 

 measures and Carboniferous Limestone. Mr. Salter quoted the 

 following species* . — 



Orthoceras, sp. 

 Discites rotifer, Salter. 



• sp. 



sp. 



Nautilus precox, Salt. 

 Goniatites, sp. 



Ctenodonta, sp. 



Ariculopecten papyraceus, Goldf. 



fibrillosus, Salt. 



Serpulites, sp. 

 Megalicbthys Hibberti, Ag. 

 Calamites, sp. 



In 1860 (Quart. Joum. Geol. Soc. vol. xvi. p. 412) I gave 

 a short account of the discovery of Lingula Credneri, Geinitz, 

 a Peimian species since shown by Mr. Davidson to be the same as 

 L. mytiloides, in the Durham Coal-measures. The specimens were 

 found during the sinking of the shafts at Eyhope Colliery, near 

 Sunderland, in shale about 590 feet below the base of the Permian 

 strata. All the workable coals were below this Liiigula-bed, 

 though twelve thin seams were passed through above it. The 

 remains of Fishes, Anthracosice, and Ostracoda occurred in the 

 same bed with or near the Lingula. 



In the "Descriptive Programme of Excursions" for the Bir- 

 mingham Meeting of the British Association, 1866, it is stated, at 

 page 46, that three beds of black shale, containing marine fossils, 

 were passed through at the Sandwell Park sinking (Hamstead 

 Colliery), sixty-one yards above the Thick Coal of the South 

 Staffordshire coal-field. Among these fossils are mentioned species 

 of Lingula.^ Productus, Spirifera., Ortlieous (^Orthoceras'l), and 

 Euomplialus. 



Conclusion. — All these occurrences of marine fossils show that 

 the Coal-measures, as a formation, contain many exceptions to their 

 ordinary fauna and flora. If the amphibian and fish remains, the 



* Mem. Geol. Survey : Geol. of Country around Oldham, pp. 20, 64-66. 



