BEACHES, ETC., OF THE SOTJTH OF ENaLAND. 265 



At Eolkestone a bed of white marl (chalk-rubble), loam, angular 

 flints and Tertiary flint-pebbles, 8 to 10 feet thick, lies on the top of 

 the cliff of Lower Greensand, under the Battery, at a height of about 

 80 feet above the sea. Mr. Mackie/ who obtained from this bed a 

 large collection of mammalian remains (with Helix concinna and 

 H. nemoralis)^ considered it to be a fluviatile or lacustrine deposit 

 formed by the small stream which flows through the town — a view 

 adopted by most later writers ; but I look upon it, as did Murchison, 

 to be a form of Head. The drift no doubt extended originally down 

 to the sea-level, at a distance probably of ^ to ^ mile beyond the 

 present beach, to which extent the sea has gained on the land since 

 the Eubble-drift accumulated. The rubble does not follow the 

 course of the small valley along which flows the present rivulet, 

 but passes across it on to the slopes of the Chalk escarpment, where 

 a section of it was exposed a few years ago at the Cement-worki3 

 near the upper railway-station, at a height of about 200 feet above 

 the sea. The deposit there varies in thickness, and rests on au 

 uneven surface of Gault and Lower Chalk. The section showed — 



1. Brown surface-soil 6 inches. 



2. White Marl (Chalk-rubble), with land-shells 3 feet. ' 



3. Angular debris of flints, Chalk, Tertiary flint-pebbles 



and ironstone (some pieces 2 feet in length) 2 feet. 



The shells, which were determined by the late Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys, 

 are more numerous than at the Eattery, and consist of — 



Helix nemoralis. 



concinna. 



'pulchella. 



rufescens (?). 



Succinea 

 Cyclostoma (operculum). 

 Bythinia tentaculata (elongated 

 Pupa marginata. [var.). 



The mammalian remains in the Battery section, which have been 

 determined by Sir E. Owen ^ and by Dr. Hugh Palconer,^ belong 

 to— 



Elephas primigenius. 



anfiqnus. 



Hippopotamus major. 

 Bhinoceros tichorhlnus. 



• megarhinus. 



Cervus megaceros. 

 taroMcLus. 



Cervus elaphus. 

 Bos p)'>^iscus. 

 Eqmis. 

 Sus sp. 



Hi/(gna spelcBa. 

 Ursus (?) 



(3) The Wealden Coast. — There is no appearance of a Head or of 

 a Eaised Beach between Folkestone and Hythe, unless the patch of 

 Lower Greensand and flint-rubble with land-shells, noticed by Mr. 

 H. B. Mackeson, lying near the top of the cliff at the back of Hythe, 

 should belong to the former. The Beach probably followed the line 

 of the low, rained, and grass-covered clay cliffs which extend in 

 crescent shape from Hythe to Eye, and formed the shore of an old 

 bay now the site of Eomney Marshes and Dungeness. The cliffs 



^ Quart. Journ. Geol. Soo. toI. vii. (1851) p. 257. 



^ Quoted by Mackie, op. cit. p. 261. 



^ ' Jr'alaeontological Memoirs,' vol. ii. pp. 353, 564. 



t2 



