BEACHES, ETC., OF THE SOUTH OF E>'GLAND. 269 



dimensions, but a general similarity and a sort of rude bedding are 

 maintained throughout, with a slight slope upward towards the face 

 of the old cliff. 



An appearance of contortion is produced in places by the excess 

 of rubble shot down at particular spots, chiefly about the centre of 

 the cliff, and encircled by layers of a different composition. As the 

 chalk-and-fiint rubble approaches the top of the cliff, it is generally 

 bent back and carried down the slope already formed by the pre- 

 viously deposited rubble. The flint-rubble, looked at alone, shows 

 rapid and tumultuous accumulation, while the finer layers of the 

 chalk-rubble or marl often have the fine lamination produced by 

 tranquil water-action and deposition. Eut there is an entire absence 

 of any of the efi'ects produced by continuously running water, nor is 

 the angle of bedding of the mass such as would be formed under 

 subaerial conditions by rubble falling over the top of the cliff, which 

 would lie at a much greater and more uniform angle. 



I have not found any land-shells in the ' Brighton Head, though 

 from its identity svith the Head at Sangatte, where they are common 

 in some of the marly beds,^ as they are also at Poikestone, they 

 may be expected to occur here. 



The old beach consists of a well-worn and rounded flint-shingle, 

 mixed with some sand and a few Tertiary flint-pebbles, together 

 with pebbles and worn blocks (mostly small) of older rocks. On 

 one occasion Mr. James Howell showed me, at the base of the old 

 beach, a thin bed of fine pinkish marl, with indistinct vegetable 

 impressions, having much the character of seaweeds, but I have not 

 been successful in finding this bed again. The upper part of the 

 shingle-beach contains numerous large subangular fragments of 

 chalk, while in the lower part are some much-worn blocks of sand- 

 stone and chalk, the latter often drilled by annelids. The shells 

 are few, and mostly in fragments : Cardium edule, Mytilus edulis, 

 Littorina littorea, and Purpura lapillus predominate. Mantell men- 

 tions that, at the base of the shingle, there is in places a bed of sand 

 1 to 2 feet thick, in which he found the jawbone of a whale 

 (Balcena mysticetus). 



The rock-specimens, whicli are generally small and much worn, ^ 

 other than those of local origin, that I have found in the Brighton 

 Eaised Beach are 22 in number, and consist of : — 



Fissile micaceous Sandstone. 



Light-coloured Limestone, 



Brown Shale, 



An OoHtic Eock. 



An earthy yellow Lime-rock. 



Chloritic Chalk. 



Dark yellow Chert (in one specimen 



I noticed the impression of an 



Echinus). 

 Black Chert, 



Ragstone (Lower Greensand). 

 Jasperoid Flint. 



Light grey and red Granites. 



Light red Syenite, 



Eed Porphyry (decomposed). 



Dark grey Felstone, 



Greenstone (decomposed). 



Mica-schist. 



White, grey, and red Quartz. 



Olive-green slaty rock. 



White and grey Quartzite -pebbles. 



Dark and light green Sandstones, 



Eed and grey calcareous Sandstones. 



Compact brown Sandstone, 



^ Quart. Journ, Geol. Soc. vol, xxi. (1865) p, 440, 



^ Mr. W. J. L. Abbott, F.G.S., informs me that some of the quartzite and 

 quartz -specimens found by him were distinctly ice-scratched (January 7th, 1892). 



