BEACHES, ETC., OF THE SOUTH OF ENGLAND. 279' 



The Beach and Head reappear in the cliff to the east of Dawlish, 

 where they consist of a mass of angular local debris (including 

 some large flints) from 7 to 15 feet thick, overlying beds of sand and 

 shingle (the pebbles generally larger than in the present beach) 

 which attain in places a thickness of 24 feet, and rest on the 'New 

 Red Sandstone. I was informed that shells are occasionally met 

 with in the Eeach. Traces of the Beach and Head are also to be 

 seen on the banks of the Teign, on the road to Bovey Tracey. 



The well-known Beach at Hope's jN'ose, originally described by 

 Godwin-Austen,^ caps the headland a short distance east of Torquay, 

 where, in consequence ot' its being concreted by a cement of car- 

 bonate of lime, it forms a projecting cornice about 31 feet above 

 high-water mark. It is overlain by 3 feet of sand and then by a 

 few feet of angular local rubble (Head), in which I found a tooth- 

 of Horse. Many of the shells are entire, but they are mixed with 

 a large proportion of comminuted shells. They comprise — 



Patella vulgata. 

 Littorina littorea. 



rudis. 



Murex erinaceus. 

 Purpura lapillus. 

 Turritella terehra. 

 Cardiiim edule. 



Cyprina islandica. 

 Mytilus edulis. 

 Ostrea edulis. 

 Pecten variiis. 

 Burrows of Saxicava. 

 „ of Annelids. 



Mr. A. R. Hunt has, however, given a much fuller description 

 of the liaised Beach shells from the Thatcher Rock, a small island 

 facing the headland and about 300 yards distant from the shore ^ 

 (for this list, see p. 300). It is about 25 feet above sea-level. 



In Torbay there are small portions of a Raised Beach near 

 Paignton, and another to the south of Brixham. They are about 

 30 feet above sea-level, and present no new features. The shells in, 

 the latter are chiefly Ostrea edulis and Littorina littorea (man}-^ 

 young specimens). Again, at Start Point and two or three other 

 places between Torbay and Plymouth, fragments of the old Beach 

 are to be met with, following closely the line of the present shore. 

 This is still more marked at Plymouth, where the Beach follows 

 the sinuosities of the Sound. 



The original section of the Beach at Plymouth — since removed 

 in quarrying — was at the west end of the Hoe, and about 35 feet 

 above the present beach. In another section, more recently ex- 

 posed, and described by Mr. R. jN^. Worth,^ the beach was 8 feet 

 thick, and consisted of alternating layers of sand and pebbles — '■ 

 some large, but mostly small — with big blocks, chiefly of lime- 

 stone, waterworn at the edges. The coast there consists entirely 

 of limestone, but in the upper part of this Beach pebbles of red 

 and grey grit, of slate, and of the felspathic traps found in asso-' 

 elation with the Triassic conglomerate in Cawsand Bay, predo-, 

 minate. Cawsand Bay is two miles to the westward of the Hoe, 



^ Trans. Geol. Soc. 2nd ser. vol. vi. (1842) p. 441. ; 



- Trans. Devon Assoc, for 1888, vol. xx. p. 227.^ 

 ■^ Trans. Roy. Geol. Soc. Cornwall, vol. x. p. 204. 

 Q. J. G. S. No. 190. u 



