288 PKOF. J. PRESTWICH OX THE RAISED 



in a pit near the workhouse/ at a level higher than 47 feet 

 above O.D. The other locality is that mentioned by Murchison ^ 

 at Kempsey, 4 miles S. of Worcester, where the following shells 

 were found in a bed of sand at the base of a bed of gravel : — 



A7iomia ephippium. 

 Cardmm tuberculatum. 

 Cyprma islandica. 

 Ostrea edulis. 

 Tellina baltkica. 

 Buccinum undatum. 

 Dentalium entale. 



Cyprma pediculus. 

 Littorina littorea. 

 Murcx erinaceas. 

 Purpura lapillits. 

 Truchus cinerarms. 

 Turritella terebra. 



Bulla and Oliva are also mentioned, but some doubt seems to 

 attach to these. The gravel consists of debris from the New Eed 

 Sandstone and Silurian rocks, with seams of sand showing false 

 bedding, 14 feet thick. No shells were to be seen at the time of my 

 visit. The gravel forms a low terrace above the Severn, and the 

 shell-bed may have been about 50 to 60 feet above O.E.^ 



The fluviatile beds of Cropthorne, described by Mr. Hugh Strick- 

 land, and those of DefFord, correspond approximately in level with 

 the above-named marine beds, and, like the fluviatile deposit of 

 the Stroud Valley, in all probability represent, as Strickland and 

 Murchison supposed, the river-drift of the Avon when that river 

 debouched into the adjacent Severn estuary. 



The " local drift " of Mr. Strickland, " which lies at the foot of 

 the Oolite hills of Worcestershire," * the angular debris of the high- 

 level Valley Drifts of the Eev. W. S. Symonds, which lies on the 

 slopes of the Malverns, on the other side of the Severn Valley,^ and 

 part of the Oolitic gravel of Mr. Lucy, *' lying near and flanking 

 the Cotteswold range," including some beds of Oolitic debris near 

 the summit of the Cotteswolds,^ are probably the equivalents of the 

 Eubble-drift or Head, described in connexion with the Eaised 

 Beaches. 



Passing across the Severn, we find little to record. There is an 

 appearance of a line of old cliffs, a short distance inland between 

 Newport and Cardiff, while the low-lying district between the 

 hills and the coast is covered by a shingle which may represent an 

 old shore, but all this re(]uires further examination. 



(19) Siuansea and Goiuer. — A remarkable series of Caves and 

 Beaches commences on the coast, where the Carboniferous Lime- 

 stone comes down to the shore and forms the fine cliffs which 



^ ' On the G-raTels of the Severn, Avon, &e.' Proc. Cottesw. Nat. Field Club, 

 vol. V. p. 83, a paper containing much information on the drift-beds of Glou- 

 cestershire. 



2 ' The Silurian System,' p. 533, 



^ Murchison said about 100 feet, but, judging by the 'Abstracts of Levelling,* 

 I think that too high. 



^ ' Geology of the Vale of Evesham,' Strickland's Memoirs, pt. ii. p. 103. 



^ 'The Severn Straits,' p. 31. 



6 Proc. Cottesw. Nat. Field Club, vol. v. p. 77. 



