308 PEOF. J. PKESTWICH ON THE RAISED 



sea-level. The narrow bed of coarse flint-gravel which runs down 

 the Chalk valley expands around Upchurch from a width of a few 

 hundred feet to rather more than a mile, and is there associated 

 with thick beds of loam or brick-earth, occasionally containing 

 blocks of Tertiary sandstone. 



Section in IJpchurch Brich-pit. 



Brick-earth, without shells. 

 _ Slightly subangular, ochreous flint-gravel and 



T^ ^^^^^ ^yj-S'j %h loam, with a few white, red, and black seams 



i^^^?fvV^dl!sZlti--= (Elephant's tusk in one). Here and there is a 



!fC^Mik^?"!!-^'l'l'Ti"h\ lenticular layer of grey laminated clay, with 



^^^^^^lS^I^jT'I land-shells. 



One block of sandstone at the top of the gravel measured 11-^ feet 

 long by 4 feet broad and 1§ feet deep. None of the blocks showed 

 glacial striae. The gravel is all of local (Chalk and Tertiary) origin, 

 and there is an entire absence of the pebbles from the Boulder 

 Clay Series which mark the Thames Valley river-gravels. The 

 bulk of the flints are not discoloured, and the few brown, worn 

 flints are derived from the older plateau-gravel. The beds are of 

 very variable dimensions, the brick-earth attaining in some places a 

 thickness of 20 feet. I found in these pits Eleplias primigenius, 

 E. antiquus (?), Rhinoceros tichorhinus, with Pupa marginata and 

 Succinea ohlonga. 



A section on the L. C. & D. Kailway, at right angles to the 

 direction of the Hartlip Yalley, shows how the drift drapes the 

 slopes of the lower hills before it spreads out in the lower ground 

 to the north of this line. 



(2) Sittinghourne. — In the same way the long, narrow, dry valleys 

 with their central trail of flint-gravel, which debouch at Milton 

 and Sittinghourne, run back to near the summit of the Chalk 

 Escarpment, or to from 400 to 500 feet above O.D. At the lower 

 levels of from 10 to 40 feet around Sittinghourne this drift expands 

 into extensive beds of brick-earth and gravel, of the same character 

 as at Upchurch, but fossils seem scarcer. 



(3) Faversham. — Again, around Oare and Paversham, at a height 

 of from 20 to 60 feet above the Thames, great deposits of brick- 

 earth and gravel of the same local character have been brought down 

 along two dry valleys which, starting from near the summit of the 

 Chalk Escarpment, pass — one by Stalisfield and the other by 

 Newnham — and meet at Eaversham. The brick-earth and gravel 

 contain as usual blocks of Tertiary sandstone; and mammalian 

 remains — chiefly of the Mammoth — are so numerous that, on one 

 occasion alone, a visitor carried away 30 teeth of Mammoth. 



