MAMMOTH AND OTHER REMAINS IN ENDSLEIGH STREET. 457 



on a bluish-grey clay, containing a few flints and much ' race.' The 

 yellowish clay varied from 6 to 10 feet in thickness, and it was quite 

 undisturbed. Under the ' race '-clay was found some yellow sand, 

 and below that sandy gravel. Lower down was a coarser gravel 

 through which water flowed very freely. This rested on a dark 

 clayey loam which appeared to pass almost insensibly into what 

 was clearly deeply-staiued London Clay with septaria. It was in 

 the dark loam that the Mammoth tusks were found, and it was this 

 also that yielded the seeds which will be referred to farther on. 



On March 18th, in an excavation on the western side of the 

 street, and very nearly opposite the spot where the tusks were 

 met with, a portion of the antler of a red deer (Cervus elaphus) 

 and two cannon-bones evidently belonging to two horses (Equus 

 caballus) were discovered in yellow gravel about 20 feet from 

 the surface. As the surface of the London Clay seems to rise 

 rather sharply on the western side of the street, these bones were 

 very nearly on the old land-surface, though not actually embedded 

 in the dark loam. 



On March 29th I found that the workmen, in excavating for a 

 connecting-drain on the eastern side of Endsleigh Street, opposite 

 the last house on that side of the street, and about 15 feet north of 

 the position where the large tusks were discovered, had come upon 

 several bones of a comparatively young Mammoth at a depth of 22 

 feet from the surface. These were in an excellent state of preser- 

 vation, and had been embedded almost completely in the dark loam 

 above the London Clay. The manner in which the bones were 

 found, lying at the bottom of the excavation, here only about 6 feet 

 in length, and less than 3 feet across, would indicate that there must 

 have been a complete skeleton of the animal at this spot. I obtained 

 possession of the bones and took them direct to the Museum of 

 Practical Geology in Jermyn Street, where they were carefully 

 examined, along with others which I secured afterwards from the 

 same excavation, by Mr. E. T. N"ewton, E.G.S., who has kindly 

 furnished me with the following list :— 



1. Lowest Bed, with seeds. 



Cervus. Axis vertebra. 

 Elephas primigenius. 



Portions of a large tusk, part of a vertebra and part of a rib of a large 



animal. 

 The following bones, apparently belonging to one individual, about 



half grown, as shown by the teeth and by the epiphyses of the 



bones not being fixed : — 

 Lower Jaw, with the last railk molar much worn and the first true 



molar just coming into use. 

 Jugal arch. Atlas vertebra. 

 Scapula (28 inches long). 

 Humerus (31 inches loug). 



Ulna, without distal epiphysis (23 inches long). 

 Femur (37 inches long). 

 Many pieces of ribs. 

 Arvicola. A portion of a cheek-tooth of a small species. 



