MAMMOTH AND OTHER EEMAINS IN ENDSLEIGH STREET. 463 



The fall in the present surface of the ground along this line is 

 from the western to the eastern side, the height opposite Torrington 

 Square being 86 feet compared with 82 opposite Lower Woburn Place. 

 In the London Clay floor as seen in the section facing this page (fig. 3, 

 III. on the Map) there is a wide but shallow valley, which is deepest 

 at the south-eastern corner of Gordon Square, with a fall apparently 

 in the direction of the Endsleigh Street valley. The deposits along 

 this line showed very little variability, but the sand and gravel 

 attained a greater thickness at the south-eastern corner of Gordon 

 Square. Here also there were many streaks of a bluish clay in the 

 sand (c). Sometimes the upper part of the clay (6) was deeply 

 stained from percolation through the ' made ground ' ; but all along 

 its position was well-marked. 



Towards the south-western side of Gordon Square it was found 

 that previous excavations had been made, and all the sand and 

 gravel removed for a space of about 150 feet, for nothing but brick- 

 rubbish and refuse-material rested here on the London Clay floor. 

 Beyond this, towards Torrington Street, the usual succession 

 showing clay, sand, and gravel was again met with, and in an 

 opening in Torrington Street (beyond, but in a Hne with the section) 

 the yellow clay attained a thickness of about 7 feet, and yellow sand 

 and gravel were brought up from below. The London Clay comes 

 within 16 feet of the surface at the south-eastern comer of Gordon 

 Square, and the deepest part of the excavation there was 17| feet. 

 Between this point and Torrington Street is the shallowest part, in 

 which the new sewer has been laid, and the fall is directed eastwards 

 along the line of the section (fig. 3). 



§ 6. Gordon Street and the Western side oe Gordon SauARE. 



The excavations along this line were the last made and are only 

 just completed. In the deepest part, down the length of Gordon 

 Street, tunnels were bored to connect the openings, but in Gordon 

 Square one continuous opening was made. The fall in the present 

 surface is slightly northward, but the underlying floor of London 

 Clay exhibited a somewhat irregular surface, with a more marked 

 depression, reaching to a depth of 21 feet, at the north-western 

 corner of Gordon Square. 



Near the southern end of Gordon Street, in a loamy clay brought 

 up from below the gravel, at a depth of about 18 feet from the surface, 

 the seeds of Ranunculus repens, Rumecc, and Polygonum Persicaria 

 were recognized by Mr. Clement Beid. The great amount of water 

 here prevented me from obtaining good samples of the loam, other- 

 wise a more complete flora could doubtless have been made out. It 

 will be noticed that the seeds recognized are those of plants found 

 also in Endsleigh Street, in association with the mammalian remains 

 (see p. 458). In these two places Ave have therefore evidence of the 

 flora which grew on this old land-surface when the great herbivorous 

 mammals roamed over it. 



In the main excavation at the north-western corner of Gordon 



2k2 



