52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



number of important official enquiries in various parts of the king- 

 dom. His experience in all questions relating to water-supply, <fcc., 

 was thus extensive, and he had abundant opportunities of applying 

 to practical uses his knowledge of geology. 



Though he contributed nothing to the publications of this Society, 

 he furnished papers, on coast-changes, estuaries and harbours, and 

 on the Thames Valley drainage, to the earlier volumes of the ' Proc. 

 Inst. Civ. Engineers.' Last year he read before the same Institu- 

 tion a paper ^ On the Subterranean "Water in the Chalk Formation of 

 the Upper Thames, and its relation to the Supply of London.^ 

 This paper was to some extent a re- statement of schemes for water- 

 supply contained in a Report to the Local Government Board in 

 1884. In 1889 he published a work ' On the Creation and Physical 

 Structure of the Globe.' He became a Member of the Institution of 

 Civil Engineers in 1847, and a Eellow of this Society in 1871. 



In the death of Sir John Hawkshaw on 2nd June, 1891, we have to 

 regret the loss of one of the most distinguished engineers on our 

 list of Fellows. He was born in 1811 in the "West Eiding of York- 

 shire. After som« experience in engineering works in this country 

 he became, in 1832, Manager of the Copper Mines of the Bolivar 

 Mining Association in Venezuela, remaining there nearly three 

 years. In 1838 he published a small work which contains informa- 

 tion on the rocks of that region. From 1834 onwards his main pro- 

 fessional work lay in England ; but he either carried out or was 

 consulting engineer to numerous foreign engineering undertakings. 

 Up to 1850 he resided in Manchester, but in that year he removed 

 to London. 



The mere enumeration of the more important operations planned 

 or assisted by Sir John Hawkshaw would occupy considerable space. 

 Information regarding his more specially engineering works wiU be 

 found in the full obituary notice published in ' Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng.' 

 vol. cvi. On the present occasion room can be found only for the 

 mention of a few of them which possess some particular geolo- 

 gical interest. His experience as an engineer to several railways 

 intersecting the Pennine Chain, where cuttings and tunnels were 

 required, led to the publication by him in 1841 of a paper in the 

 Transactions of this Society on the Fossil Trees found in the ex- 

 cavations for the Manchester and Bolton Railway. In 1843 he 

 published, in Sturgeon's ' Annals of Philosophy,' some observations 

 on the state at that time of geological inquiry as to the origin of 



