Nichtgehaltene Vorträge. 



for one Ateles. The anterior ränge of the temporal depends on 

 the advances of the Parietal and Sphenoid. A frontal process 

 is often found in Primate skulls, in Australian aborigenes in i in 

 7 skulls, in Papuans i in 12. Much rarer in white and yellow races. 

 It is the usual thing in Gorilla, 9 out of 10 in Chimpanzees, 1 in 4 in 

 Orangs, and 1 in 8 in Gibbons. These are Anoutchine's esti- 

 mates given by Le Double after S t i e d a. In an account 

 of the Parietal Bone, published in 1904 (K r a u s e 's Zeitschrift), 

 I gave instances where the parietal in joining the jugal cuts off 

 the temporal from the frontal, and may itself be cut off from 

 the sphenoid by the anterior (so called frontal process) which 

 joins the jugal. Rodents, Dasypus, moles and ungulates have 

 this process, which is rarely found in Colopus. L e Double, 

 following Virchow, Grüber, Calori and B r o c a , 

 regards the frontal process as theromorph. Rathke, Anout- 

 chine and Schwalbe differ. It is possible that apes kept 

 in confinement, or born in menageries, ma}^ have changes induced 

 in nutrition of the cranial bones, and that an articulation bet- 

 ween the Temporal and Frontal may thus arise. 



The measurements of the temporal in some Primates are 

 given. Gorilla (Male) . The antero-posterior length of the temporal 

 is 9 cms. The temporal fossa is much fnore in the ant.-post. dia- 

 meter than in this viz. 14 cms. The Mastoid process is well deve- 

 loped, small carotid for amen. Petrous grooved on both sides 

 near the Apex. Sulci run forwards and inwards. The zygoma 

 runs forwards above the jugal. 



Gorilla (female). Antero-post. temp. 6.5 cms. Edge of the 

 Squamous is 3 cms. above the Zygoma. The Mastoid surface 

 is narrower and more convex than in the Male, alluded to above. 

 The petrous is less grooved on the palatine surface. The internal 

 pterygoid fossa is prolonged to the petrous. Owen mentions 

 that the styloform process or angle in the Gorilla contrasts with 

 the common absence of such in the Chimpanzee. The anterior 

 petrous sinus (sinus petro-squamous) is found frequently, and 

 communicates sometimes with the deep temporal veins by a post 

 glenoid or sub-glenoid foramen. Man and Anthropoids are apt 

 to lose these connections early. 



Cercopithecidae have a post glenoid orifice. Marmosets a 

 sub-glenoid, Mycetes a sub-glenoid or anterior squamous. 



In the Chimpanzee. The antero-post. is 5 cms, height above 

 zygoma 2.5 cms. Ant. post. mastoid part 2.8 cms. Vertical 3 cms, 

 Tympanic 2.5 cms, breadth 1.7 cms internally and 1 cm 

 externally. 



The temporal extends half way up the temporal fossa, and 

 runs along fossa for five sixths of its antero-posterior diameter. 

 The temporal here participates in forming the lateral parietes of 

 the cranium. The temporal fossa is small. This Chimpanzee 



