Anderson, The Notes on the Temporal bone in Mammalia etc. gja 



Mastoid flat. Raised muscular ridges separate this from temporal 

 sq. and occipital. Tympanic bulla large and round. External, 

 internal, and posterior foramena. Coronoid to crest 2 cms. To 

 lower border mandible 3 cms. 



Galago. Ant. Post. temp. 2.1 cms. Height above zygoma 

 0.8 cms. Upper border of squamous to sagittal suture 2.8 cms. 

 Tip of coronoid to Sagittal suture 6.1 cms. Tip of petro-mastoid 

 to posterior out er border 1.9 cms. Petro-mastoid is convex from 

 the outer and posterior part to near the apex, which reaches a 

 little beyond the basilar process of the occipital bone. The 

 bullous part is long. 



The depth of the lower jaw ascending part from coronoid 

 process to lower border is 2.1 cms. The shortest distance bet- 

 ween the temporal ridges is 1 cm. The temporal crests subside 

 rapidly as one traces then back from the frontal. The post-audi- 

 tory (mastoid part) is flush with the occipital. The mastoid part 

 of the temporal so pronounced in man is not so well developed 

 in the lower primates if it can be said to be so at all. The mastoid 

 process may be said to be associated with the muscles that are 

 attached to it. The cells in this process are not always present, 

 so that the extension of the cells backwards is not the rule as 

 was formerly supposed. Its mode of ossification and association 

 with the petrous is probably the result of reactive forces. Va- 

 riations in this process in Man have been noted by R u f f i n i , 

 Quercioli, Borero, Waldeyer and Lanzi. Lanzi 

 says the greater or lesser development of the muscular fasciculi, 

 the depth of the digastric notch, the extensions more or less of 

 the air cells from the tympanic cavity, and the development of 

 the Petromastoid cells, all effect the size and shape of this pro- 

 cess in man. He gives us in the Anatomischer Anzeiger figures 

 of a Mastoid process with a digastric groove, also a duplex con- 

 dition (supernumerary mastoid of Z o j a) and an ovoidal form, 

 which is due to the digastric groove being aborted. The drawings 

 are diagrammatic. 



Lemur rudogoz. Madagascar. Ant. post. squamous 3.1 cms, 

 zygoma very small 0.4 cms. Sq. Parietal to sagittal 3 cms. Zy- 

 goma very narrow 0.4 cms. Coronoid to sagittal 3 cms. The jugal 

 reaches back to the posterior sixth of the arch. The Mastoid 

 part slightly irregulär is convex and is continuous with the outer 

 surface of the occipital. The temporal fossae are shallow, the 

 crests are marked in front not behind. 



Galeoftithecus volans. Coronoid to parietal crest 1.9 cms. 

 Crest to middle line 1 cm. Coronoid to lowest border of mandible 

 2.2 cms. The muscle fossae within and without the ramus are 

 well-marked. The "mastoid' ' part is bullous, prominent and 

 tuberous. The bullate part of tympanic reaches the Eustachian 



VIII. Internationaler Zoologen- Kongreß. 58 



