Bean, The Ear as a Morphologie Factor in Racial Anatomy. 023 



Cro-Magnon characteristics are combined with the characteristics of 

 the Iberian as indicated by the ear form. 



Many Iberian ear forms appear which are intermediate between 

 those given but there is a definite grouping about the forms descri- 

 bed above. The variability of the Iberian ear, considering all the 

 ears of any group of individuals, could be represented by an irre- 

 gulär Gaussian curve with at least four summits, each of which 

 would represent one of the types of Iberian ears. 



The B. B. B. ear is large, broad and flat, with wide concha and 

 wide smooth helix. It is related to the Iberian only in the lobule 

 which sometimes resembles the Iberian type B. The ear does not 

 flare but is often flat against the head, and it has little if any 

 twist or spiral shape. 



The Alpine ear is characterized by absence of lobule, with the 

 lower end of the helix turned to a horizontal position in the for- 

 mation of a shelf from which the helix terminates by turning 

 sharply down ward and inward to the cheek. The twist ed Spiral 

 shape may or may not be present. Both Primitive and Iberian 

 characteristics appear, however, and the ear is probably derived 

 from a cross of the Iberian type A and the Primitive as a character- 

 complex partaking of the qualities of the two elementary forms, 

 but not being a perfect blend of the two. 



By means of the ear form, in conjunetion with the cephalic 

 index, nasal index, stature and other morphologic factors, the 

 people of any locality in the Philippines so far observed may be 

 segregated as species, using the following definitions for the purpose 

 of Classification: 



Elementary species represent those forms such as the 

 Alpine which are derived from two other forms, have not become 

 stable, and blend readily, especially with nearly related forms. 



Systematic species are forms that are stable such as 

 the Iberian and that do not blend readily with other forms. Ele- 

 mentary species may become systematic species when they be- 

 come stable, and do not blend readily. Both elementary and 

 systematic species may develop varieties or subspecies. 



V a r i e t i e s are those forms which have resulted from the 

 differentiation or disintegration of a systematic or elementary species. 



In addition the term r a c e should apply to any composite body 

 of people who may be differentiated from other groups by distin- 

 guishing characteristics, — a loose term to be used as it is now so 

 frequently used, to designate almost any group of individuals. 

 Such a term is needed and the term race may as well apply as any 

 other because it is at present used in that way. 



The elementary species of Filipinos are the Alpine, B. B. B. 

 Cro-Magnon?, and the recent Australoid. The systematic species 

 are the Iberian, Primitive, and the remote Australoid. The varie- 

 ties are the four Iberian types, the Modified Primitive, the Adriatic, 



