Wilson, Biology of cattle. qaj 



In summing up the various positions of the breeds we have 

 virtually tradition for the particular kind which originally existed 

 in Britain. Of two herds kept Chillingham, and Cleateleherault 

 the former is middle horns the latter polled. But generally spea- 

 king the original cattle were middle horns which giving due allo- 

 wance for casual mixing gave more or less place to the longhorns. 

 Which had two strains in Ireland and the other had also a portion 

 there. Whether originality could be claimed for them in England 

 or not Ireland certainly stimulated the breeds which spread over 

 adecided tract of country. While the polled from the native or 

 artificial source spread also into advancement. With the Ayrshire 

 bearing up dairy qualities. The shorthorn through various strains 

 and Channels came virtually forward covering much and claiming 

 a share of nearly all the best. The Herefords appearing of the 

 old middles to claim equality with care. With improvement in 

 these, middles still holding of beef their own from outlying and 

 highlying parts.- On the importation side we have the Alderney 

 cattle, crumpled horned from France and others from the Channel 

 Islands. The quality of their milk being their chief point. Gene- 

 rally in favoured parts. An ocasional instance of a continental 

 import occurs. But the great point is that Africa, North and South 

 America, Asia, Europe, and the Antipodes have all benefited 

 from our cattle. The best are sent to either if not all these places. 

 With results sufficient to stimulate a System of experimentation 

 if we may use the term among cattle which are brought from a 

 distance to some particular place. Especially where improvements 

 areat work in tillage . While me admit that there is much to 

 say for keeping up that which is native to any place we think 

 that the evidence which is generally given in touching upon Bri- 

 tish cattle as an example of cattle as a whole tends towards the 

 view that mixed strains give the best results for general purposes. 

 Whether absolut ely Biologically correct is an open question. 



Vertebrate. Vertebrata; mammals, Mammalia Ruminants. 

 Ruminatia; Oxen Bovidae. Under Genus sub Genus as sub- 

 jected, Cattle Bos Taurus. Camel, Camelus, Lamas, Auchenia, 

 Musks Moschus Stag, Cervus; Elk or Moose Deer, C. Alces, Rein D, 

 C. tarandus. Fallow. D. C. dama; Common stag or RedD. C. elephas 

 Canadian, S. C. Canadensis; Virginian, S. C. Virginianus. Roe 

 C. capreolus, Giraffe Cameleopardalis. Antilopes Antilope, Numi- 

 dian Gazelle, A. dorcas, Springer A. eucore; Addax A. Addax. 



Bush antilopes A. phüantomba Great Bush A. A. Silvicultrix 

 Oryx A. Oryx, Impoof or Elk A. oreas. A. Zebra A. Zebra, Har- 

 nessed. A. A. Scripta, Cabril, A. furcifera, Chamois A. rupricapra. 

 A. Gnus, Catoblepas, Brindled Gnu C. Gorgon Goats capra, Wild 

 Goat C. Agagrus Domestic G. C. hircus, Ibex C. ibex, African 

 maned I. C. Aethiopica, Caucasian I. C. caucasica. 



Sheep ovis Wild Sheep of Siberia or Argali 0. Amnion Corsicon 



60* 



