50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



the same was true the 31st. A few Hving scale insects were found 

 only after considerable search, whereas on the trees sprayed with 

 the other washes there was not much difficulty in finding live scales. 

 October 15 the trees treated with this preparation had some living 

 insects on the more inaccessible portions. There appeared to be 

 absolutely none on the accessible limbs which were more thoroughly 

 sprayed than those on the other side. The general results were 

 very satisfactory indeed. 



Another formula, calling for 6^ pounds lime, 5 pounds sulfur 

 and 2 pounds caustic soda with 16 gallons of water was prepared 

 as follows : The dry materials were mixed together and then two 

 pails of hot water added thereto. The reaction was very violent 

 and the liquid was coloured a very dark red. There was little 

 evidence of the greenish monosulphid. The combination was good 

 though there was considerable sediment. It was applied April 13 

 to several plum trees which had badly infested limbs and on the 

 i6th it was seen that the application had been very thorough. An 

 examination May 31 resulted in finding a fewi living scale insects 

 on these trees without much difficulty, and October 15 it was seen 

 that there were very few living scales — in fact the treatment was 

 very satisfactory. There was very little or no difference to be 

 detected between these trees and those sprayed with the wash de- 

 scribed above. 



The third formula, calling for 20 pounds limoid, 15 pounds sul- 

 fur and 6 pounds caustic soda with 50 gallons water was used 

 in one half the usual quantity. The dry materials were mixed 

 together and the reaction started with two pails of hot water. 

 It was prompt but very limited, owing to the fact that the limoid 

 added very little to its vigor. The boiling seemed to be due 

 almost entirely to the presence of the caustic soda. This prepar- 

 ation, after standing about two hours, was a light orange color 

 with a somewhat greenish tint. It kept hot during this time. There 

 was much sandy sediment and considerable undissolved sulfur or 

 sulfur-lime. Perhaps i pound of the entire amount was in this 

 condition. This wash was applied April 13 to apple trees with 

 some limbs badly infested. May 9 this wash did not seem to have 

 adhered as well as the others, and on the 31st it was not very 

 difficult to find living scale insects. October 15 the trees sprayed 

 with this mixture had distinctly more living scale insects than those 

 freated with either of the above preparations in spite of the fact 

 that the infestation was lighter than the others. There is no doubt 



