1G0 BRITISH FOSSTL ELEPHANTS. 



Breadth above the condyles 6f inches. 



Antero-posterior diameter at the distal end 4*4 inches. 



Antero-posterior outer condyles 6^ inches. 



Antero-posterior inner condyle 8 inches. 



Greatest width between inner borders of the condyles 3 inches. 



The nutrient foramen is within 15 inches of the head on the inner and posterior surface. 



Another left femur, in the same Collection, is 48 inches in length, with the 

 nutrient foramen at the same distance from the head. Various examples are given by 

 authors. Thus, Breyne 1 refers to a femur from Siberia 30 inches in length and 

 13 inches in girth at midshaft. Cuvier represents a Siberian specimen no less than 

 42 inches in length without the proximal end, and De Blainville also refers to similar 

 specimens. 



With reference to femora from British strata. The Owles Collection from the 

 Dogger Bank contains several thigh-bones of the Mammoth, several of which indicate 

 very large individuals. Thus, No. 46,275 shows an antero-posterior diameter of the 

 inner condyle (by tape) of 11^ inches, and the outer 9| inches; the breadth across the 

 condyles is 92 inches. 



Q 



The right femur, No. -r^ of the Brady Collection, B. M., from Ilford (Plate XIX, 



fig. 7), is an excellent example of the thigh-bone of the small variety of the Mammoth 

 from the above locality. Its dimensions are given in Davies's Catalogue. The length, 

 however, is less than there stated, being 40 instead of 45*5 inches; its girth midshaft is 

 14^ inches. The antero-posterior diameter of the inner condyle is 8*3 by callipers, and 

 15^ inches by tape; the outer is 7*6 by callipers, and 13^ inches by tape. 



There is also another very perfect specimen from the same locality in the possession of 

 Professor Tennant, F.G.S., the length of which is 37^ inches, and least girth 12f inches. 



A huge left femur in the British Museum, dredged on the Dutch coast, has lost the 

 head and great trochanter, leaving a length of 40 inches ; the girth midshaft is 15^ inches. 

 The nutrient foramen is about the junction of the upper with the middle third. Another 

 femur from the same locality, with the head and neck wanting, gives a length of 

 45 inches. The molars of the Mammoth dredged on the coast of the Netherlands and 

 eastward perfectly correspond with these large bones. 2 



1 'Phil. Trans.,' vol. xl, p. 124. 



2 I have just lately heen shown at Lowestoft, Suffolk, a superb left lower ultimate molar of the Mam- 

 moth dredged off Spimlico on the German coast. It is one of the most entire of any molar of this 

 Elephant that has come under my notice. The enamel is very thin, as in the Dogger Bank and Arctic 

 molars. It is 12 inches in length by 3i in maximum breadth, and holds a formula of a: 21 x. The anterior 

 fang is curved backwards, followed by 6 or 7 fangs, and terminating in a hollow shell. Several teeth in 

 the possession of J. J. Colman,Esq., M.P., of Gorton, Suffolk, were dredged off Lowestoft, of a precisely 

 similar character. One enormous thin-plated tooth, No. 35 of Mr. Randall Johnson's Collection, was 

 also dredged thirty-five miles to the south-east of Lowestoft. It is in such a state of integrity that it 



