168 BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



whilst the distal tarsal surface of E. aniiquus (PI. XIX, fig. 11 b) is more rounded, and' 

 not so defined as in E. primigenius (fig. 12 b). 



There are in London Collections several good examples of this bone from the Thames 

 Valley deposits. 



In the Cotton Collection, Museum of Practical Geology, there is a tibia, No. 2, from 

 Ilford, the dimensions of which are as follows: — Length is 23'5, girth, midshaft, 10*5 

 inches; girth of the proximal extremity 22*8, and distal 17'5 inches. Breadth of 

 proximal articular surface 7*4 inches, the distal being 4*5 by 3'8 inches. 



The above is matched by several specimens from the Dogger Bank and elsewhere. 

 Two tibiae in the Beechy Collection from Arctic America are 23 and 20 inches in 

 length respectively. 



The bone varies apparently in the adult from about 20 to 25 inches in length. 



Q 



The above-mentioned tibia from Ilford, ;ttt>, Brady Collection (PI. XIX, fig. 12), 



has all the characters of the Arctic specimen, and represents the small-sized animal from 

 that locality. The dimensions are — Length 20 inches, width, proximal end, 7 inches, 

 width, distal end, 5*8 inches. 1 



The measurements of an entire tibia belonging to an adult individual, in connection 

 with other portions of a skeleton of a Mammoth, from Shandon Cavern, Waterford, are 

 recorded in my report on that rock cavity. 2 These are as follows : — The length is 22 

 inches; girth, midshaft, 10*8 inches; the proximal articulation 8x6 s the outer condyloid 

 cup being 3-5x3*5, and the inner 4*4 X 37 inches. The distal articulation was 3'8 in 

 the a. p. d. by 4 inches. 



The tibiae from the East coast deposits, as far as I have seen, are of two sorts. A 

 remarkably slender tibia is dredged up occasionally by trawlers, or met with on the 

 strand, and also in Post-Glacial deposits. This bone, by comparison with the Arctic 

 remains of the Mammoth, is clearly inseparable ; but occasionally along with the above, 

 in Post-Glacial deposits, or in solitary instances, a much stouter and longer tibia is met 

 with. Whether only a monster individual of the Mammoth, or that of either of the two 

 other species, is not clear. Again, in the Eorest Bed we find tibiae not usually much 

 longer than the equivalent bone of the Mammoth, but relatively much broader, and quite 

 in keeping with the other huge bones of E. meridiofialis. 



There is a tibia, discovered at Harswell, in Yorkshire, now in the Leeds Museum. 

 It is 24 inches in length, the breadth at the proximal end is 7 - 5 by 5 inches, and that of 

 the distal 4-5 by 3| inches, whilst the girth, midshaft, is 13 inches. There is a possi- 

 bility, however, that it may belong to E. aniiquus, which was the Elephant of the 

 Ivirkdale and other Yorkshire Caverns. 



Another unusually stout and large tibia in the Cotton Collection, Jermyn Street 



1 Davies, 'Cat. Brady Collection,' p. 24. 



2 'Trans. Roy. Irish Acad.,' vol. xxvi, p. 214. 



