172 BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



round in the young of the Asiatic Elephant and the full-grown Mammoth, as compared 

 with the adult Asiatic and the African, in which the tip is curved, and the greater 

 concavity on the anterior articular surface in the Asiatic and Mammoth as compared with 

 the African. Two cuneiforme bones, from Grays, Essex, gave respectively dimensions as 

 follows :— No. 36,612, B. M., is 3| by 2 inches in breadth, No. 36,613, B. M„ is 3J by 

 1^ inches. These, I apprehend, might belong to E. antiquus. 



I have not seen the internal cuneiforme of the Mammoth. A specimen referable to 

 E. meridionalis will be noticed in the sequel. 



Metatarsus. 



First digit. — I have not seen the first pedal digit of the Mammoth. There are some 

 apparent differences between the first digits of the two recent species with reference to the 

 configuration of the shafts, the upper surfaces being more convex, and the lower more 

 concave, in the Asiatic than in the African Elephant. 



Second digit. — There does not seem much to note in regard to this element of the 

 foot as compared with that of other Elephants. The second metatarsal in the Mammoth is 

 usually about 4 inches in length, with a similar girth at the middle of the shaft. Its 

 proximal phalanx has the tarsal union broader and more even in the Mammoth and 

 Asiatic Elephants than in the African, in which it is broad. The bone is more symme- 

 trical in the two former, with the scar for the internal cuneiforme very pronounced in the 

 Mammoth. 



Third digit. — The third metatarsal is not unfrequently 8 inches in length in the 

 Mammoth. Its characters are much like the recent Elephants, with a few minor distinc- 

 tions of the shaft in the former, Meridional, and Asiatic, as compared with the African ; 

 these, however, may not be persistent. 



Fourth digit. — There is little to note of importance as compared with other species. 

 The cuboidal facet of the metatarsal partakes of the character of the Asiatic bone in being 

 less even than in the African. The usual length in the Mammoth is about 4 — 5 inches. 



Fifth digit. — The same characters of the shaft obtained in the fifth metatarsal as 

 in the equivalent bone of the fore foot ; but otherwise I can perceive nothing of any very 

 appreciable value, unless that possibly the cuboidal facet, as in the Asiatic, is more circular 

 than in the African, and the same appears to be present in the huge bones from the 

 Forest Bed ; the dorsal surface, however, is broad and rounded, as in the African. The 

 small articular facet on the inner aspect of the distal extremity is not always present. 



The first phalanx is apparently larger and more compressed at midshaft in the 

 Mammoth and Asiatic than in the African, and the irregularities as regards the other 

 phalanges referred to in connection with the fore foot seem more or less common to the 

 hind foot. 



