ELEPHAS ANTIQUUS.— DENTITION. 175 



They are now in the possession of J. J. Colman, Esq., M.P., of the Clyffe, Corton, 

 Lowestoft, to whom I am indebted for his kindness in permitting me to describe and 

 illustrate them in this Monograph. 



It will be seen at a glance that they answer in every respect to the characters I have 

 elsewhere laid down as diagnostic of the broad-crowned variety of E. antiquus} 

 The contrast between the above and Plate V, fig, 1, of E. antiquus (with the exception of 

 the angulations, which, however, as before stated, are often wanting, and not fully 

 developed on newly invaded crowns) is striking ; on the other hand, compare the narrow 

 crowns of the same species in the Plates II, III, and IV. 



The colossal dimensions of the former owner of these teeth makes the diagnosis of the 

 bones met with in the Forest Bed doubly difficult, seeing that, although E. meridionalis 

 appears to have invariably exhibited gigantic proportions as compared with the usual 

 remains of E. primif/enius, the fact that teeth of E. antiquus are not uncommon, even in 

 Post-Glacial deposits, of the dimensions of the largest specimens referable to E. meridionalis, 

 must materially affect their diagnosis, not only on the score of size, but to a great extent 

 as regards their specific characters. 



Dr. Ealconer laid no little stress on the thickness of the plates and enamel as 

 characteristic of E. meridionalis; but, as I have shown, and as he admitted by the 

 recantation of the so-called E. priscus, these conditions may exist in E. antiquus. 



Alluding to the above ultimate molars in Mr. Colman's Collection, they represent 

 the right and left upper and lower. All show exactly the same condition of wear and 

 clearly belonged to one individual. The lower molars were accidentally broken across 

 since their removal from the deposit, but can be reunited without any detriment to 

 measurement. 



I have selected the right upper and left lower as being in every way the more 

 perfect specimens. The following are their characters : 



Tipper molars. — The tooth of the right side (fig. 2) is encrusted with matrix, and its 

 substance is in a perfect state of petrifaction. The two anterior talons have been broken 

 across near their middle quite recently. These are followed by another pair, which take 

 their origin about the middle, and are succeeded by the hollow shell, which characterises 

 teeth with crowns one third detrited. The tooth holds x 20 x in 13X4 inches. 



The remarkable breadth of four inches is noteworthy, as compared with E. 

 meridionalis. 



The posterior talon is a single digitation and an inch in height. There are eight 

 digitations along the inner sides of the last eight ridges, as if the tooth had been bent on 

 itself in the germ state — a condition referred to as existing in the molar of E. primi- 

 genius? 1 



There are five ridges in three and a half inches. 



The height of the thirteenth colline is 7 inches. 



1 Page 32. 2 Page 121. 



