178 BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



Woodwardian Collection of the above University. It contains two entire ultimate molars, 

 typical of the long narrow crown, the ridge formula of each being x 16 x in 12x3'8 

 inches. This jaw is stated to have been found " below peat." I have, moreover, examined 

 lately, in Mr. Savin's Collection, a fragment of a very narrow, but very thick-plated first 

 true molar, obtained by him from the Forest Bed, Overstrand, near Cromer. It 

 contains x 12 in 9x2*5 inches. These seem to approach the tooth of E. Africanus, as 

 further illustrated by the specimens on which Falconer founded his so-called E. prisons} 

 and others recorded at p. 33 et seq., and notably by the interesting molar discovered by 

 Professor Ramsay near Tangier, 2 in the land of the African Elephant. The reciprocal 

 relations of these links in the chain of evidence are bound together by further instances 

 adduced in this Monograph, and seem to me extremely suggestive as showing the 

 evolutionary characters of E. Namadicus, E. antiquus, E. Africanus, and the Maltese 

 fossil Elephants on the one hand, and of E. primigenius and its allies on the other ; 

 whilst in E. meridionalis, although, as far as yet known, it does not seem to tend 

 so markedly towards any of them, still, as I shall point out, there are indications of a 

 passage between certain molars of this species and the thick and broad crown of E. 

 Namadicus and E. antiquus. 



ELEPHANTS OF THE RED CRAG OF SUFFOLK. 



The Proboscidean remains from the Red Crag present more specimens of Mastodon 

 than Elephas ; nevertheless fragments of molars of the latter have been found, but 

 seldom more than a few plates in juxtaposition. Like the other animal relics, they show 

 clear traces of having been much rolled, and are usually highly silicified and discoloured 

 by the ferruginous matrix of the bed. These remnants are not uncommon in public 

 collections — to wit, British Museum and Museum of Practical Geology, and in private 

 collections also. 



Falconer identified E. meridionalis and E. antiquus, 3 but I am not aware of any 

 indications of E. primigenius having been found ; indeed, as far as my own observations 

 extend, I have been unable to meet with a specimen clearly assignable to E. meridionalis, 

 inasmuch as all the transverse sections of discs present thick enamel central expansions 

 and frequently pronounced angulations of the thick-plated (E. priscus), variety of E. 

 antiquus, as appears from the following : 



1. The fragments of crowns (PL XXVI, figs . 2 and 4) from Red Crag diggings at 



1 Op. cit., vol. ii, p. 96. 



2 ' Journ. Geol. Soc. London,' vol. xxxiv, p. 515, fig. 9. 



3 Op. cit., vol. ii, p. 206. 



