184 BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



nature of the coast-lines of Norfolk and Suffolk, and constant interruptions, interfere 

 very much with attempts to correlate the members of the series, consequently their 

 sequences are by no means accurately determined. Allowing for some diversity of 

 opinion amongst geologists 1 as to the stratigraphical relations, and the fragmentary con- 

 ditions of the animal remains, the following may be considered a fair summary of the chief 

 Fauna and Flora which existed from the deposition of the lowermost strata up to the com- 

 mencement of the Glacial formations, as far as has been accurately determined. 2 It is 

 apparent, however, that the list is far from being complete, and that even many of the 

 remains of the Mammals, especially the Ungulates, the most extensive and interesting 

 portion, deserve more attention than has been hitherto bestowed on them. 



The Insectivora are represented by Talpa Europaus, Mygale moschata, Sorex 

 vulgaris, S.fodiens, S. remifer. 



The Rodentia by Castor fiber, Trogontherium Cuvieri, Arvicola amphibius, A. agrestis, 

 A. glareolus, Sciurus (?). 



The Carnivora by Cants lupus {?), Canis vidpes {?), Machairodus, Felidce, Martes syl- 

 vatica, Gulo luscus, 5 Ursus spelaus, Ursus fer ox, Tricliecodon Huxley i, Phoca. 



Of Proboscidea Elephas meridionalis, E. antiquus, E. primigenius. 



The Cetacea by Monodon monoceros, and two species of Balanoidea are represented 

 by vertebrae. 



The Ungulata present many difficulties in the way of accurate determinations. The 

 following have been recorded : — Equus caballus, E. stenonis, Rhinoceros etruscus, M. 

 megarldnus {?), Hippopotamus major, Sus scrofa, Caprovis Savinii. The Cervidae are 

 represented by Cervus megaceros, 4, C. capreolus* C. elapkus* C. polignacus, C. comutorum, 

 C. verticornis, C. Sedgwickii, C. bovides, C. latifrons, &c, altogether thirteen species. 

 The majority of the Cervine remains are" very fragmentary, and confined to pieces of 

 antlers or portions of the calvarium. 



The Invertebrata are represented by Unto, Cyclas, Paludina, Mya truncata, Leda 

 myalls, besides Insects, all of recent forms, still met with in East Anglia. 



The Flora of the period, according to the determination of Heer and Hooker, belong 

 to recent genera and species, such as Quercus, Betula, Alnus, Prunus spinosa, Pinus sylves- 



1 See Prestwich, ' Journ. Geol. Soc. London,' vol. xxvii. Gunn, vol. xxvi, p. 551. 



2 I am indebted to Mr. E. T. Newton, F.G.S., of H.M. Geological Survey, for a list of the Carnivora 

 and other Mammals. Mr. Gunn has also furnished me with several names. I have also drawn from the 

 writings of Falconer, ' Pal. Mem.,' vol. ii, p. 4/3. 



3 The Glutton, Marten, and Seal have been lately added to the fauna by Mr. E. T. Newton, ' Geol. 

 Magazine,' vol. vii, 1880. 



4 These species have been retained in lists of the Deer of the Forest Bed on apparently doubtful 

 authority, and seemingly as regards the Irish Elk and Red Deer altogether on the evidences of fragments 

 of antlers, which might have belonged to any of the other large forms. A horn of a capreoloid Deer in the 

 King Collection, Jermyn Street Museum, is said to have been obtained from the coast of East Anglia, but 

 its exact stratigraphical position is not given. 



