192 BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



A highly silicified left upper tooth from Cromer is shown in PI. XXII, fig. 1. 

 It has been obligingly lent to me by Mr. Pitch, of Norwich, for illustration in this 

 Monograph. It holds x 8 a? in 7x3 inches, and five plates in 3 inches. The parts 

 are highly vitrified and in most perfect states of preservation, but it had evidently been 

 rolled, and is consequently a beach specimen. There is a marked absence of crimping, 

 and the cement is in excess ; but, on the other hand, there is a tendency to angular 

 expansion of the discs, as in E. antiquus, showing characters intermediate between the two. 

 Now, although I have not seen a first true molar of the latter with a lower ridge formula 

 than a? 9 a?, there is, however, the evidence of a last milk-tooth of E. antiquus recorded 

 in Note 2, page 127, with as low a ridge formula as ec 8 x. Considering, therefore, the 

 rule of succession in last milk and first true molars, the possibility is that such a 

 formula might be found in first true molars of E. antiquus ; at the same time, I have no 

 hesitation in asserting that the above specimen presents, in its uncrimped enamel and 

 thick cement wedges, features not observed by me in any teeth referable to the latter 

 Elephant. I would select it, therefore, as a typical instance of the first true molar of 

 E. meridionalis. 



No. 33,376, B. M., from Happisborough, Norfolk, is a left lower molar, consider- 

 ably arcuated, with only the first ridge invaded. The plates are thick, with large cement 

 wedges, there being six ridges in 3| inches. The formula appears to be x 8 x in 

 5.8x2 inches. 



The first true molar is illustrated, according to Falconer, by the following specimens 

 in the Tuscan Museum at Florence : — Upper, x 9 x in 6*2 X 2*4 inches, and x 8 x in 

 6^ X (?) inches; lower, x 8 x in 55 X 2G, and x 8 x in 64 X 24 inches. 1 



Second True Molar. 



Fragmentary specimens are referred to by Falconer; 2 their broken conditions, how- 

 ever, are against any very certain characters with reference to formula. The crown 

 constituents agree with the data he has laid down as diagnostic of E. meridionalis, viz. 

 " wide disc," " large rings of the worn digitations," and " thick enamel ;" none of which, 

 however, are so pronounced by any means as in thick-plated teeth of E. antiquus. The 

 excess of cement, which, of course, makes the ridges more apart, is very well shown. The 

 fragment is 5*2 inches in length, and 2*9 in maximum breadth, and contains seven anterior 

 ridges, the height of the last being 4 inches. 



Falconer cites 3 another portion of a crown to show the " angular flexures that are 

 sometimes seen when the plates are ground down low." I perceive in the original specimen 



1 Op. cit., vol. ii, p. 1 11 . 



2 Op. cit., vol. ii, p. 135 ; ' F. A. S.,' pi. xiv b, figs. 7 and 7 a. 



3 Op. cit., p. 137 ' P, A. S.,' pi. xiv b, figs. 8 and 8 a. 



