ELEPHAS MERIDIONALIS.— TRUE MOLARS. 193 



another feature, viz. the crimping of the enamel is not confined to a roughening, or, as 

 Falconer called it, "spurious crimping of the outer border," but invades the entire 

 thickness. In other respects the excess of cement carries it with the above, but the 

 thickness of the enamel shown in pi. xiv b, fig. 8 a of the 'F. A. S.' is not of much 

 value when compared with the thick- plated E. antiqnus ; moreover, the "angular flexures" 

 are often seen in crowns of E. antiqnus, and apart from the central angulations so charac- 

 teristic of the narrow crown of that Elephant's tooth. 1 



With reference to another fragment in the Norwich Museum, 2 Falconer observes : — 

 " From being worn low down the plate exhibits a greater tendency to crimping than 

 usual." To whichever form of Elephant this portion of a tooth may belong, it is scarcely 

 possible, as far as my experience goes, to make out any well-marked specific characters 

 between it and that of the thick-plated tooth of E. antiqnus, i.e. E. priscus variety, 

 indeed, the excessive crimping is fully as much pronounced as in the Asiatic Elephant. 

 The crown surface is irregularly worn, and contains five ridges in 4*2 inches. 



The fragment of a heel (No. 3 of the Norwich Museum), figured by Falconer, 3 and 

 stated by him to belong to the last of the series of E. meridionalis, is clearly a fragment 

 of a second true molar, showing a well-marked pressure-scar posteriorly. As compared 

 with the thick-plated E. antiqnus it is now of little value, as thick annular discs are often 

 fully as large and wide apart in the latter. 



Indeed, certain molars of the Mammoth to which I have referred* present these 

 characters ; moreover, the crimping of machasrides is not always absent in large teeth. 

 For example, No. 22 of Miss A. Gurney's collection in the Norwich Museum shows a crown 

 of the above description, and inseparable from the foregoing. Here the crimping is not 

 only confined to the external margin of the enamel, but also invades the entire thickness. 

 The cement wedges are, however, thick ; as is the case likewise with the enamel. 



The above tooth is not entire, so its exact position in the series is undeterminable ; 

 but from some flattening behind (possibly pressure-marks) there may be a probability 

 that it is a fragment of a second true molar. The crown is well worn, showing confluent 

 fangs, and holds eleven and a half plates in 8 X 3| inches. It belongs to the left 

 ramus of the mandible. There are five ridges in 3f inches. It is from Iron Pan of the 

 Forest Bed, B acton. 



Another fragment (No. 364, Norwich Museum), from the East coast deposit, belongs 

 to the maxilla, right side. There is a loss of plates in front, and a well-marked pressure- 

 scar on the heel. The tooth is very typical of the E. meridionalis, and possesses all the 

 characters already noted. Every ridge is invaded excepting the last two. Eight and a 

 half plates with the posterior talon are contained in 8x3'5 inches. No. 320, in the 



1 Plate XX, figs. 1 and 2. 



3 Op. cit., vol. ii, p. 136 ; ' F. A. S.,' pi. xivB, figs. 9 and 9 a. 



3 ' F. A. S.,' pi. xiv b, figs. 12 and 12 a. 



* Page 118. 



