ELEPHAS MERIDIONALIS.— TRUE MOLARS. 197 



In its narrow crown it presents, even although a lower tooth, an exceptional character, 

 compared with the usual molars of E. meridionalis ; indeed, but for the absence of pro- 

 nounced crimping of the enamel, it might stand for a thick-plated tooth of E. anliquusof 

 the C variety, referred to at p. 33. But then for the last of the series it stands apart 

 from that species on account of its low ridge formula. 



Another magnificent molar, presented likewise by Miss A. Gurney, is No. 23 of the 

 Norwich Collection. It is from the same locality, and is a left lower, with apparently the 

 loss of only the posterior talon. It holds a? 13 in 14 inches by 4 in maximum breadth, 

 and has five plates in 4f inches. Seven of the anterior plates are invaded. 



This molar is quite typical of the broad, uncrimped crown, and channelled enamel 

 of E. meridionalis, described by Falconer. 



No 21, Norwich Museum, from Bacton, in Miss A. Gurney's Collection, is like No. 

 12, just referred to, in having a narrow crown. It is also of the lower jaw, right side, and 

 valuable as an aberrant form of tooth. The fangs have coalesced into a keel along the 

 lower surface. The anterior fangs are broken off close to the base. All the ridges, \ 11 x, 

 are in full wear excepting the last plate and posterior talon, and the general contour of 

 detrited surface is convave. Apparently not more than one and a half ridges have dis- 

 appeared through wear, so that the formula may have been originally x 1 3 r, like the 

 above, in 11^X3^ inches in breadth. The tooth holds five ridges in 5| inches, and has 

 a projecting heel. The same remarks are applicable to this as to the preceding molar. 



No. 24 of the Gurney Collection is also from Bacton. It is a fragment, however, 

 showing x 7 in 0^X3^ and five in 4^ inches. The tooth has been rolled. It is typical 

 of E. meridionalis. 



A narrow crown of the type of Nos. 12 and 21, and also in the Norwich Museum, is 

 shown in the fragment of a left lower molar, holding 10 x in 8^X3, and five ridges 

 in 4'5 inches. 



There is a loss of several ridges in front, but eight are in full state of wear, and three 

 with their tips entire. The crimping of the outer borders of enamel is pronounced, and 

 the cement is in excess. A narrow crown seems to have constituted a variety in the 

 dentition of E. meridionalis as in E. antiquus and rarely in E. pri mi genius} 



A typical fragment of E. meridionalis, holding 8^ plates in 10x3^ inches, is repre- 

 sented by No. 317 of the Gunn Collection. It is a left lower tooth. 



Another typical instance is No. 222 of the Gunn Collection, marked by Gunn " from 

 the soil of the Forest Bed, Mundesley." It is encrusted with debris, and the discs are 

 obscured by the hard ferruginous cement ; nevertheless, it is a fine fragment, and shows 

 fourteen ridges in 12 X 3^ inches. The same may be said of No. 308 of the same gentle- 



1 Mr. Gunn lately directed my attention to a remarkably long narrow molar of E. primigenius sau! 

 to have come from the Norfolk Coast deposits. The tooth (Plate XXVI, fig. 1) is a second true molar, 

 lower jaw, left side, holding x 10" x in 8j inches. The discs display all the ridges in wear excepting the 

 posterior talon. The enamel is thin, but the remarkable narrowness of the tooth is noteworthy, being 

 only 21 inches broad in front, 2| in the middle, and 2] posteriorly. 



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