ELEPHAS MERIDIONALIS.— DENTITION. 199 



ridges are contained in a space of 4S inches. The massive size and large quantities of 

 intervening cement maintain its characters with the foregoing, whilst the crimping and 

 central expansion are like the same in the thick-plated variety of E. antiques. 



Two last lower molars, right and left, of possibly the same individual, are preserved 

 in the Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn Street. 



The right tooth has the anterior talon and twelve ridges, with a loss of posterior 

 ridges. It is 12x3^ inches. 



The left tooth has fourteen of its anterior ridges preserved with anterior talon, but its 

 heel portion is wanting. It is 13x3^ inches. 



Each molar holds eight in 7 '8 inches. 



About five of the anterior ridges are invaded, nevertheless none of the digitations are 

 worn out. The enamel presents the undulatory character of the preceding. The com- 

 ponents are all in excess, the cement being conspicuously abundant ; but it would be 

 difficult, without a cross section of these teeth, to separate them from the thick-plated 

 molars of E. antiquus. 



The pebbly matrix of the Iron Pan of the Porest Bed adheres to their sides. These 

 specimens were found by Mr. Andrews in 1860. 



Maxilla and Mandibles containing Molars. 



The ramus, Plate XXII, fig. 2, is described, but not figured, by Palconer. 1 It was 

 dug out of the Elephant-bed, or Iron Pan of the Forest Bed, between Mundesley and 

 Bacton, and is No. 215 of the Gunn Collection. It holds portion of the second and 

 the entire ultimate true molar. The ridge formula of the latter is obscured by the cement 

 covering the tooth, which is partly embedded in the jaw. There are four plates remaining 

 of the fifth, and possibly from twelve to thirteen plates besides talons enter into the compo- 

 sition of the ultimate molar. 



The enamel of the discs is free from the crimping of E. antiquus, and presents an 

 undulating border, but there is a decided tendency to mesial expansion in several discs. 

 The cement is in excess as compared with E. antiquus generally, and the ridge formula 

 of the ultimate tooth is far lower than that of either of the other extinct British species. 



narrow crown of E. antiquus, are met with in E. meridionalis from Italian deposits, as is evidenced by a 

 cast (No. 37,337, B. M.) from the Val d'Arno, where a well-worn crown with seven discs shows marked 

 angulations, but the crimping is confined to the anterior borders of the machserides. This tooth presents 

 an excess of cement, so that each plate and its cement occupy about an inch of the basal antero-posterior 

 diameter. Another (No. 37,336, B. M.) upper molar from the same locality has mesial expansion of 

 discs without crimping or angulations ; whilst a third (No. 28,820, B. M.) from the same locality contains 

 about ten of the last ridges and a posterior talon in 9 X 4 inches. It shows not only central expansion 

 of the disc but also pronounced crimping, extending nearly but not quite to the cornua, and is undis- 

 tinguishable from a well-worn crown of a broad molar of E. antiquus. Thus, all these characters of the 

 latter may occasionally appear not only in individual discs, but in several discs of E. meridionalis. 

 1 ' Pal. Mem.,' vol. ii, pp. 132 and 140. 



