218 BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



8. CARPUS. 



Scaphoid. — I have already referred to this bone as met with in the Eorest Bed, in 

 comparison with that of the Mammoth. 1 The specimen alluded to is of colossal dimen- 

 sions, and No. 150 of the Gunn Collection. 



The following are its characters : 



Extreme length 7 inches. 

 „ breadth 6 „ 



Radial facet 3x2-5 inches. 



Trapezoidal facet 4 - 5 (a. p. d.) X2'2 inches. 



Upper lunare facet 25x1' „ 



Lower „ 18x1 '4 „ 



There is no facet for the trapezium. 



The radial facet is nearly erect, as in the Mammoth. 



The trapezoidal and magnal facets are continuous, the former is nearly flat with 

 the latter rising gradually upwards from it, as in the African Elephant. 2 



Lunare. — One of the largest lunares I have seen from the East Coast is No. 155 of 

 the Gunn Collection. It is covered with barnacles, and is in all probability either a 

 a dredged or a beach specimen. 



The length is 1\? and maximum breadth 7 inches. 



The radial facet is 5f by 5| inches. 



The magnal facet 6 by 6, and maximum thickness 4^ inches. 



The characters of the above specimen, as compared with the same parts in the Mam- 

 moth, have been already recorded at page 159 along with other large lunares, to wit, 

 the obliquity of the ulnar facet, the slight concavity of the radial aspect, absence of sca- 

 phoid al attachments — not uncommon in similar bones of large individuals of both the 

 Mammoth and Asiatic forms — a deep concavity of the marginal surface, especially towards 

 its extremity, from whence it rises up into a plateau on the further extremity of this 

 articular surface. The presence, however, of scaphoidal facets is shown in No. 151 of 

 the Gunn Collection. It does not display so pronounced flattening and concavity of the 

 magnal aspect, otherwise it is of about the same dimensions as the preceding. 



In a specimen in the King Collection, Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn Street, also 

 from the East Coast deposits, the same measurements give a length of C| by 6 inches in 

 the transverse diameter, the radial facet is 5 X 5 J inches. The magnal facet shows a deep 

 pit in the same position as in the last, and is 5 f by 6 inches ; the thickness 4^ inches. 



1 Page 159. 



2 A shorter scaphoid is recorded by Nesti from the Val d'Arno. Its length is 0165 metre, and 

 maximum breadth - 140 metre. 



3 Nesti gives a lunare not so large from Northern Italy. It is 0158 metre in length. 



