ELEPHAS MERIDIONALIS.— FEMUR. 223 



Girth, midshaft, 20^ inches. 



Breadth across both condyles 12 inches. 



Antero-posterior diameter of the outer condyle along the curve, by tape 20, and by 

 callipers 11 inches. 



Antero-posterior diameter, by tape, along the curve of the inner condyle 21 inches. 



The condyles coalesce more than in the Mammoth, and leave a narrow fissure. 1 The 

 outer condyle is like the African, being more globose than in the Mammoth. 



Mr. Johnson possesses, likewise, the distal extremity of another huge femur from 

 Palling. The antero-posterior diameter of the outer condyle is 17*5 inches, and the 

 inner (both measured along the curve by tape) is IS inches. The maximum breadth of 

 the intervening sulcus posteriorly is 5" 5 inches, and the linear measurement across both 

 condyles 9'5 inches. 



Here the intercondyloid space is very narrow, as in the Mammoth, and there is con- 

 siderable bending inwards of the condyles, more so than I have seen in the femur of any 

 other European or fossil Elephant, or, indeed, in either of the recent species. 



Another entire femur (PI. XXVI, figs. 3, 3 a, and 3 bf was lately discovered by Mr. 

 Savin, at Overstrand, near Cromer, and is now in the possession of Mr. J. Backhouse, 

 West Bank, York, to whom I am under obligations for two excellent photographs 

 of the specimen, and the following data in regard to its dimensions. The bone is 

 nearly entire, excepting the head and neck, which are fractured. This and Mr. Johnson's 

 specimen appear to have belonged to individuals which had perished, like the Irish 

 Elk, by being either mired or drowned, their carcases, in the latter case, floating down a 

 river, and the remains deposited in an estuary or delta. 



The total length is 49f inches; girth (by tape) at midshaft 18 inches. Breadth at 

 the great trochanter is 14 inches; girth of ditto 36 inches; girth of ball 22 inches. 

 Maximum girth of distal articulation 34 inches. Maximum breadth across the condyles 

 (linear) 10^ inches. Antero-posterior measurement of the inner condyle (by tape) 

 16 inches and the outer 18f inches. 



The general outline of this thigh-bone, judging from figs. 3 and 3 a, is quite in keep- 

 ing with that of Mr. Johnson's specimen. Considering, however, that any points of 

 specific value cannot be determined without careful comparisons, I am constrained to 

 rely altogether on the similarities of contour; whilst as regards dimensions it must be 

 conceded that there are very wide discrepancies. The relation, however, of the Cromer 

 femur with that of the Mammoth would, on the score of size, be quite exceptional, and 

 as regards contour there are the following differences : — In the latter there is a decided 

 bulging about the junction of the middle and lower third externally, as seen in 

 PI. XIX, fig. 7, and a more general flattening of the shaft in the antero-posterior 



1 This is well seen likewise in pi. xvi, fig. 5, ' Ossem. Fossil.,' in a distal fragment from Italy. 



2 Nesti, op. cit., records a femur from the Val d'Arno, T400 m., being fully 2 inches longer than the 

 above. 



