1934] Hatt, American Museum Congo Expedition Pangolins and Aard-Varks 659 



The Ivory Coast representatives may be somewhat distinct from 

 that population represented by the Congo collection, for there is no 

 parallel in this latter series for two features seen in a single skull of an 

 immature specimen from the first locality. The two matters in which this 

 skull differs are those of size and nasal shape. The posterior border of 

 the combined nasals is here cuspidate, in contrast to the acute nasals of 

 the compared series. The skull is also smaller and of denser bone than 

 skulls of a similar stage of development in the Congo series, and it may 

 be that in the western limits of the range these features are constant. 

 This is rendered the more probable by Sjostedt's (1897, p. 45) observa- 

 tion that tricuspis from the east is somewhat larger. 



Distinctions between the Skulls of 

 M. tricuspis and M. longicaudatus 

 The classification of the manids has been based chiefly on the ex- 

 ternal characters, sternae, and vertebrae. Nevertheless skull characters 

 are well marked, and it may prove useful to note the diagnostic differ- 

 ences between the two arboreal forms here involved. 



tricuspis longicaudatus 



1. — The lateral borders of the skull 1. — There is a well-marked anteorbital 

 converge anteriorly in a regular course, constriction, and the muzzle in conse- 

 The muzzle. is broad. quence is narrow. 



2. — -The mastoid region is lightly in- 2. — The mastoid region is strikingly in- 



flated, flated. 



3. — The zygomatic process of the 3. — The zygomatic process of the 



temporal is large and diverges strongly temporal is small and only lightly 

 outward. divergent. 



4. — The sphenopalatine foramen 4. — The sphenopalatine foramen 



opens ventrally and is always prominent opens posteriorly and is either incon- 

 as seen from below. spicuous or masked by the palatal flare. 



5. — Slight variation in general skull 5.- — High degree of variation in skull 



shape. shape. 



Cranial Measurements of Adult Manis tricuspis 

 Average (minimum-maximum) 



22 d" 20 9 44 cf , 9 



Greatest length 72.8 (63.8-80.8) 68.7 (58.5-79.2) 70.7 (58.5-80.8) 



Basal length 66.8 (57.9-75.4) 63.1 (51.6-73.3) 64.9 (51.6-75.4) 



Palatal length 41.4 (34.5-44.6) 37.0 (31.5-43.3) 39.0 (31.5-44.6) 

 Breadth across zygomatic 



processes 27.3 (22.7-32.0) 25.4 (20.2-29.3) 26.4 (20.2-32.0) 



Greatest breadth of brain case 32.3(28.5-36.3) 30.6(27.7-32.9) 31.5(27.7-36.3) 



Greatest length of nasals 27.1(21.5-32.5) 24.3(18.1-31.2) 25.7(18.1-32.5) 



Breadth of single nasal 5.3 ( 3.8- 7.0) 4.4 ( 3.5- 7.0) 5.0 ( 3.5- 7.0) 



Greatest length of mandible 48.4(41.7-57.0) 45.7(37.8-53.1) 46.3(37.8-57.0) 



