22 MR. E. A. NEWELL ARBER ON THE UPPER [Feb. I9O7, 



also fairly frequent in certain shale-beds, and even occur in some 

 calcareous nodules associated with goniatites. 



In the Bideford district, they have been found in Hubbastone 

 Quarry, on the opposite side of the Torridge to Instow, and a few 

 in the shales on the coast south of Westward Ho ! In Cockington 

 Head, they occur in the shales containing calcareous nodules near 

 Tut Hole, already referred to (p. 7), as well as in the associated 

 shale-beds. Farther south, they have been observed in sandstones, 

 both on the eastern and on the western sides of Gauter Point, 

 and also a few yards on the west side of Buck's Mill Mouth. 

 Beyond Clovelly, they occur in the calcareous nodules associated 



Fig. 3. — Section of badly preserved plant-petrifactions in sandstone 

 from the east side of Gauter Point (North Devon). 



with the limestone-band in the anticline at Mouthmill, and also at 

 a short distance to the west of Mouthmill. Between Hartland 

 Point and Hartland Quay, several beds, chiefly of shale, have 

 yielded petrifactions, such beds being especially abundant in 

 Warren Cliff. Still farther south, they occur at Sandhole Beach, 

 on the north side of Nabor Point. 



The petrifactions usually form a layer in the sandstones and shales 

 only a few inches thick (see fig. 2, p. 21), but sometimes, especially 

 in the shales, the bed containing them may be 2 to 3 feet thick. 

 In the sandstone they are usually crowded, the longer axes of 

 the petrifactions being sometimes more or less parallel, while in 

 other cases there seems to be no ordered arrangement. They are 

 cylindrical bodies, as a rule bluntly pointed at both ends. The 

 size varies considerably : the average length is about 15 millimetres, 



