2S UPPER CARBONIFEROUS OF DEVON AND CORNWALL. [Feb. 1907, 



Culm-Measures was not within the scope of the paper. The map 

 used by the Author was (so far as regards the Central Culm area) 

 based on the exploration of the Taw and Torridge Valleys and of 

 the districts adjoining the New Red rocks, officially undertaken 

 during the year .1878, with permission of the late Sir Andrew 

 Ramsay, for the purpose of inserting alluvial lines and searching 

 for outliers of the New Red rocks. The coast from Westward Ho I 

 to Clovelly was then traversed, but too rapidly to detect the 

 calcareous bands and fossiliferous nodules which the Author and 

 Mr. Inkermann Rogers had observed in association with the shales 

 and grits above the Lower Culm. The Instow nodules were 

 supposed to indicate the presence of an anticline of Lower Culm, 

 whereas they were now shown to be altogether above that horizon. 

 The western coast and the area south of Hartland Point had never 

 been explored by the speaker. In that area he gathered that, 

 while the Author agreed with him in regarding the beds shown 

 on the map as Eggesford Grits, as the upper beds of the Culm 

 syncline, no differentiation in lithological character could be made 

 between the Morchard (Middle Culm) and Eggesford (Upper Culm) 

 types. These types were established for stratigraphical purposes, 

 and were lithologically distinct in the Taw and Torridge Yalleys. 

 The Author's researches, however, seemed to the speaker to prove 

 that towards the western coast the Central beds troughed or frilled 

 out in an interminable series of minor curves, and that thus the 

 lithological distinction between the types was lost by interbedding. 

 This constant repetition of the Culm rocks by small folds was well 

 described by Sedgwick & Murchison. 



The map which had been thrown on the screen was in illustration of 

 a paper of the speaker's on the Culm-types of Great Britain (published 

 by the Institution of Mining Engineers in 1901), after he had ascer- 

 tained by the actual survey of limited areas in North & South 

 Devon and Cornwall the true succession of the Lower Culm, and 

 placed the Posidono my a-Limestcmes above the Coddon-Hill Beds. 

 This Dr. Wheelton Hind had rightly done near Barnstaple. He 

 was glad to hear that the unfossiliferous limestone and fossiliferous 

 bands and nodules found by Mr. Inkermann Rogers on the coast 

 near Clovelly and toward Rocks Nose, Westward Ho !, were definitely 

 placed above the Lower Culm by the Author ; and in this connexion 

 he wished to call attention to a paper by Mr. Harold Parkinson, 

 published by the German Geological Society in 1903, in which he 

 described certain beds with fossils in the Nassau area above the 

 Posidonomy a-Jjimcstones. He considered himself fortunate in having 

 the details of a region, which he had had neither time nor opportunity 

 to work out, rilled in by one so eminently qualified to undertake the 

 task as the Author, with whom he cordially joined in eulogizing 

 Mr. Inkermann Rogers's work in supplying the series of careful 

 observations which had contributed in producing the satisfactory 

 results embodied in the paper that they had just heard. 



