98 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAEONTOLOGY. 



an epitheca is present marked by annular growth lines and longitudinal 

 ribbing. Increase by lateral calicinal gemmation. 



Type species. — C. alveolata, Goldfuss. 



Range. — Cambro-Silurian, Devonian. 



COLUMNARIA ALVEOLATA, GoldfuSS. 



(Non Columnaria alveolata, Hall, Billings, Rominger.) 

 Plate VI., figs. 1, la. 



Columnaria alveolata, Goldfuss. 1826. Petrefacta Germanise, vol. I., p. 72, pi. XXIV., 



figs. 7a, b, c. 

 Columnaria multiradiata, Castelneau. 1843. Essai sur le Syst. Silur. de l'Amer. 



septentr., p. 44, pi. 19, fig. 1. 

 Favistella stellata, Hall. 1847. Palaeon. New York, vol. I, p. 275, pi. 75, figs, la, b. c. 

 Columnaria alveolata (pars), Milne-Edwards and Haime. 1851. Polyp. Foss des Terr. 



Palaeoz., p. 309. 

 Columnaria Blainvilli, Billings. 1858. Rep. of Progress for 1857, Geol. Survey of 



Canada, p. 166. 

 Favistella stellata, Billings. 1863. Geology of Canada, p. 206, figs. 202a, b. 



.. i. Nicholson. 1875, Palaeon. of Ont., p. 22; and Geol. Sur v. of Ohio, 



vol. II., p. 185. 

 Columnaria stellata, Rominger. 1876. Geol. Sur. Mich., Foss. Corals, p. 90, pi. 



XXXIV., fig. 3 and pi. XXVIII., fig. 1. 

 Columnaria alveolata, Nicholson. 1879. Palaeoz. Tab. Corals, p. 195, pi. X. , figs. 1, la. 

 h ,. Whiteaves. 1897. Palaeoz. Foss. vol. III., pt. III., p. 151. 



Corallum massive, roughly hemispherical to almost circular when 

 young, and becoming more irregular in shape with age ; basal attachment 

 small. Corallites polygonal, unequal in size, varying when fully de- 

 veloped from about a little over 2 to 6 or 7 mm., closely connected with 

 one another throughout their length and diverging slightly from a central 

 basal point. Septa, numbering from about twenty to over thirty, alter- 

 nately large and small, the latter extending a very short distance beyond 

 the walls of the corallites, the former almost or quite reaching the 

 centre. Tabulae complete, horizontal, generally bent downward at their 

 edges, about from two to four in a space of 2 mm. Calyces polygonal, 

 rather shallow, exhibiting the septa. The division lines between contigu- 

 ous corallites are generally distinctly seen in transverse sections. 



This species occurs abundantly in the Hudson River formation, and 

 Dr. Whiteaves has recognized it in the Trenton limestone of the Lake 

 Winnipeg district. It is represented in the museum of the Geological 

 Survey by specimens from Anticosti, from various localities in Ontario, 

 and from Lake Winnipeg and the Red River valley. Its corallites vary 

 somewhat in size in the same and different specimens ; in some they are 



