34 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



they support is a representative of the lower limestone at Anti- 

 gonish and Pictou. To the lower grits I would also refer the 

 mass of dark red sandstones and shales at Eagle's Nest, three miles 

 from the mouth of the estuary of the Shubenacadie. The mass of 

 contorted dark sandstones and shales at Five-mile River resembles 

 some parts of the productive coal formation more nearly than any 

 of the lower carboniferous rocks : and the horizontal red sandstone, 

 a few miles farther up, is analogous to many of the beds both 

 above and below the gypsum at Antigonish and Pictou. 



From a comparison of the appearances of the lower carboniferous 

 rocks in the various sections which I have examined, I have drawn 

 out the following table, which, I think, exhibits very nearly their 

 general arrangement. It commences with the productive coal 

 measures. 



Lower Carboniferous or Gypsiferous Formation. 



Rocks. 



1. Brownish-red, mottled and 

 grey sandstones ; brownish-red 

 shales ; some conglomerates ; 

 the beds containing small quan- 

 tities of copper ores. 



2. Brownish-red hard sandstones 

 and shales, often rippled ; some 

 grey sandstones, conglomerates, 

 and limestones ; copper ores in 

 small quantity. 



3. Reddish and white sandstones 

 and marls, usually soft ; beds 

 of gypsum and limestone (the 

 lowest bed usually a non-fossi- 

 liferous limestone) ; veins and 

 fissures with ores of iron, man- 

 ganese, copper, &c. 



4. Reddish-brown conglomerates 

 and hard grits ; some dark and 

 grey sandstones, and brown and 

 dark shales. 



Fossils. 



Endogenites, Cala- 

 mites, Lepidoden- 

 dron. 



Fragments of plants 

 and fucoidal mark- 

 ings ; Productus 

 (especially P.Mar- 

 tini), Terebratula, 

 Spirifer, and other 

 shells. 



Productus (espe- 

 cially P. Lyelli), 

 Terebratula, En- 

 crinites, Corals, 

 Spirifer, Pecten, 

 Avicula, &c. &c. 



Various plants. 



Where seen. 



Merigonish, East 

 River, Middle R., 

 Shubenacadie ? 



East River, Merigo- 

 nish, West River, 

 Middle River, 



Economy, Ward- 

 robe's, on Shube- 

 nacadie ? 



East River, Antigo- 

 nish, Shubenaca- 

 die, Onslow Moun- 

 tain, De Bert R., 

 Windsor, Pugwash, 

 Wallace, &c. 



Antigonish, Shube- 

 nacadie, Truro, 

 Salmon R. 



Newer Coal Formation, Sandstones, fyc. 



In several parts of the eastern section of Nova Scotia, there are 

 extensive deposits of sandstones and shales, principally of a 

 brownish-red colour, and including some thin beds of concretionary 

 limestone and grey sandstone. They contain a few calamites and 

 other carboniferous plants. These beds constitute, I believe, the 

 newest member of the carboniferous series, and are connected with 

 the productive coal measures by a thick series of reddish-brown 

 and grey sandstones, shales, and conglomerates, often abounding in 



