264 GEOLOGICAL, MEMOIRS. 



the white chalk, but it has not yet been found in direct association 

 with any member of the cretaceous group, although its fossils show 

 it to belong to that period. 



The white chalk forms a considerable part of the south of See- 

 land and of Moen, the chalk of Stevens Klint dipping away in 

 those localities at a very small angle to the south-west, while the 

 chalk of Moen is considerably upheaved. The second principal 

 part of the white chalk may be traced from Mariagerfjord, across 

 the Liimfjord to the western sea. The south-eastern part of this 

 portion of the chalk at Mariagerfjord and eastern Liimfjord is 

 regularly interstratified with horizontal layers of fire-stone, whilst 

 the north-western part at the western Liimfjord, and at the North 

 Sea, are very irregularly elevated, and, as at Moen, the boulder 

 formation is made up of its fragments. In this most northerly part 

 of the chalk formation numerous landslips occur, and sorne^ years 

 ago the Norr-See in this neighbourhood was completely emptied 

 by one of these slips occurring in its bed without any apparent 

 outlet being discovered for the swallowed up waters. The whole 

 district must be completely undermined with subterraneous canals, 

 and the inhabitants conduct the drainage of their fields into the 

 funnel-shaped hollows of the landslips, where the torrents poured 

 down during the most tremendous storms, and the sudden melting 

 of the snows in spring, all instantly disappear. Besides these prin- 

 cipal portions, the chalk is also seen in detached points near Steen- 

 lose in north Seeland and near Itzehoe in Holstein ; and these facts 

 considered in connection with its re-appearance at Heligoland and 

 Liineburg, prove that the whole country rests upon a cretaceous 

 basis, although it is only brought to the surface by local distur- 

 bances. 



In the cliff of Stevens Klint, the sequence of the newer rocks of 

 the cretaceous formations is very clearly seen. It is as follows : — 

 On the white chalk there reposes a formation of slaty clay, only 

 a few inches thick, but extending over the whole country so far 

 as can be judged by considering the places at which these newer 

 cretaceous rocks are exposed. It is characterised by a vast mul- 

 titude of the fragments' of fishes, which, however, are too imperfect 

 to allow of their being very distinctly made out. Next follows a 

 limestone which is from 1 to 2 feet thick only in this spot (Stevens 

 Klint), but at least 40 feet thick in the hill of Faxoe, a few miles 

 distant, where it is exhibited as a perfect coral reef. In the 

 north-west of Jutland, this bed re-appears in the form of a thin 

 stratum. 



Another limestone succeeds this at Stevens Klint, which is made 

 up of calcareous sand, almost exclusively composed of fragments of 

 corals together with fragments and well-preserved individuals of 

 other fossils of the chalk. This, which is called in Jutland Liimsteen, 

 and which I propose to call " coralline chalk," is quite different 

 from the underlying strata of the cretaceous group ; and the sepa- 

 rate strata may be traced in undulating beds through the whole 

 thickness of the formation in such a way that the same unfractured 



