270 GEOLOGICAL MEMOIRS. 



the island of Langeland, especially on its southern part, fragments 

 of the transition rocks average 35 to 40 per cent., taking those 

 which have the dimensions before alluded to, and this proportion 

 continues as far as South-eastern Holstein, but towards the north 

 it diminishes rapidly, and in South Fuhnen it is hardly 20 per 

 cent., while still farther to the north it is yet smaller. 



In middle and northern Seeland, in part of Fuhnen, and the 

 northern part of Jutland, the rocks of the chalk formation form 

 about one half of the whole number, and in some places increase 

 to 70 per cent. ; while in two spots, in looking for these boulders, 

 I have found the cretaceous rocks in situ where their presence had 

 not before been suspected. On the western banks of the Liimfjord 

 the transition rocks again appear, and reach to a proportion of 

 40 per cent, or more'; but there are here porphyry, syenite, and 

 transition sandstone evidently belonging to the northern Christiania 

 series. 



Advancing southwards from the Liimfjord towards the Brown 

 coal formation, the porphyry is seen to disappear gradually, while 

 the transition sandstone increases so much that 76 per cent, of the 

 whole number of boulders are of this material, and the rocks of 

 the cretaceous series are either totally absent or are reduced to a 

 very small proportion. In the western part of Schleswig the former 

 (the sandstone) diminish rapidly, while the latter (the cretaceous 

 boulders) increase, and in the middle of Holstein, near Itzehoe, the 

 chalk comes out to the day. 



If we consider these relations more closely we shall find that the 

 cretaceous rocks and limestone of this series cannot have been 

 transported from the Scandinavian peninsula, but are derived 

 from the actual rocks of the country ; and that they cannot have 

 been drifted from any great distance is proved by the enormous 

 increase in the proportion of cretaceous boulders near the outcrop 

 of the chalk. Of the innumerable local disturbances which have 

 thus broken into fragments the various fundamental rocks of the 

 country, there have been however many examples already given, 

 and many more might easily be added, and they have taken place 

 exactly at the period of the boulder clay, which, of all parts of the 

 boulder formation, is the richest in large blocks. It is therefore 

 highly probable that these boulders of the old rocks have not 

 travelled from Sweden, but have been broken and torn off from a 

 great mass of granite which was actually in situ, and this result is the 

 more probable if it is considered in what way the Scandinavian gra- 

 nitic chain disappears in Swedenbeneath the newer formations, being 

 first partially capped with fragments of chalk and afterwards lost 

 sight of entirely under the boulder clay towards the S. W. ; the 

 granitic gneiss, however, re-appearing at intervals, and generally 

 at a lower level. It is worthy of notice also that this boulder clay 

 with large blocks only appears extensively in the eastern part of 

 the country, in connection with the Brown coal formation just in 

 that spot in which the strata of this latter series are often vertical, 

 and seldom less inclined than at an angle of 45°, whilst the more re- 



