FALCONER ON THE PERIM ISLAND FOSSILS. 363 



The Perim fossil, like the Sewalik one, is proved to have belonged 

 to an adult and even aged animal, by the marked relief of the 

 ridges, the depth of the muscular depressions, and especially by 

 the circumstance that the posterior articulating surface is com- 

 pletely synostosized with the body of the bone, which is not the 

 case in young animals. With this united correspondence in form, 

 size, and other particulars, I have little hesitation in referring the 

 Perim Island fossil to the second cervical vertebra of the Camelo- 

 pardalis Sivalensis. This specimen is from the collection sent by 

 Captain Fulljames to the Geological Society. 



Bramatherium. PI. 14. fig. 3., 2a., 4a., 4. 



The next of these remains to be noticed are of great interest, as 

 they appear to indicate a large and peculiar form of Ruminants, 

 nearly equalling the Sivatherium in size, but at the same time 

 essentially different. The remains consist of two fragments of the 

 left side of the upper jaw, including the entire series of the supe- 

 rior grinders. Although, probably of the same species, they are 

 certainly not derived from the same individual. The first frag- 

 ment (fig. 3.) is from the collection sent by Captain Fulljames to 

 the Geological Society. It contains the three false or premolars 

 nearly perfect, together with the broken remains of the first true 

 molar. The surface of the enamel (fig. 3a.) shows the rugosely 

 furrowed character, which is found in the Sivatherium ; but the 

 whole of the teeth in the fossil are at once distinguished from those 

 of that genus, by the absence from all of them of the sinuous plaited 

 flexures, which the inner crescent of enamel presents in it : they 

 also want the basal collar or " burr " on the inside, which is seen 

 in those of Sivatherium. With these discrepancies, which are of 

 considerable importance in the Ruminantia, from the constancy of 

 such modifications in the different groups of this order, the pre- 

 molars of the fossil correspond in general form, and in the relative 

 proportion of width to length with those of Sivatherium. The 

 only other genus of Ruminants which shows the peculiar rugose 

 enamel furrowing, in a marked degree, is the giraffe, which agrees 

 with the Perim fossil in the simple direction without fold, of 

 the inner crescent of enamel. But, in this genus, the upper pre- 

 molars are distinguished from those of all other Ruminants by 

 their great excess of width compared with their length. In this 

 respect, and further in being considerably more oblique, both in 

 form and in their relative position in the jaw, these teeth in 

 the Perim fossil differ from those of the giraffe. The dimensions 

 of the fossil contrasted with those of the Sivatherium giganteum, 

 and of the skull of an adult male giraffe in the collection of the 

 College of Surgeons, are as follow : — 



