370 



FALCONER ON THE PERIM ISLAND FOSSILS. 



grinders. The crown is so utterly mutilated as to afford no evi- 

 dence regarding the form of these ridges. The second, or penul- 

 timate true molar is nearly square in its plan outline, but more 

 than half an inch longer and wider than in the European species. 

 The tooth specimen described in the body of this paper was in- 

 ferred to be the penultimate inferior, and it was probably derived 

 from a female or small-sized individual. The remains in the jaw 

 appear to indicate that this tooth was two-ridged, with a talon as 

 in the European species. Of the third and last molar only the 

 anterior half remains, and we have no direct proof how many 

 ridges it bore ; but the number was most probably two, with a 

 talon, as in the European species. The portion which remains 

 presents two distinct and slightly divaricating fangs, indicating, 

 among many others which could be added, another character of 

 resemblance to the North American mastodon. 



The following are the dimensions of the fossil compared with 

 those of a cast of the jaw of the great head specimen, supposed 

 to have been a male, figured and described by Kaup. 







Dinotherium 



Dinotherium 





| Mastodon 



Indicum, 



giganteum 





giganteus .* 



from Perim 



of 







Island. 



Eppelsheim. 





inches. 



inches. 



inches. 



Length of the fragment - 



- 



17- 





Ditto of the 4 anterior teeth 



- 



13'5 



13' 



Ditto of the first premolar 



. 



3-5 



2-9 



Width of ditto behind - 



- 



2-2 



2-2 



Length of 2d ditto - 



_ - 



2 -9 



3-3 



Width of ditto behind - 



. 



2-6 



2-7 



Length of 3d or first true molar tooth - 



. 



4- 



3-C 



Width of ditto behind - 



_ 



2-8 



3- 



Length of 4th tooth (2d true molar) - 



- 



3-9 



3-3 



Width of ditto - 



_ 



3-5 



2-9 



Depth of jaw to alveolar margin at the 



- 







2d premolar - 



7-5 



9-2 



6-9 



Ditto at 3d tooth (1st true molar) 



6-6 



8-7 



6'2 



Width of jaw at 2d premolar 



5-7 



5-1 



4- 



Ditto at the middle of 4th tooth (or 









penultimate true molar) 



6-5 



6-4 



5- 



Distance between the upper margin 









mentary foramen and alveolus of 1st 













3-6 



2-2 



Ditto from inferior margin to ditto 



- 



4-75 



3-4 



* N.B. The four measurements of Mastodon giganteus, given for compa- 

 rison, are taken at points of the jaw corresponding to those of the Dinotheria. 



T he Dinotherium of Eppelsheim is known to range through a 

 very wide difference of size, dependant on sexual or individual 

 peculiarities, and several nominal species, chiefly founded upon this 

 character, have been described by authors. But Dr. Kaup informs me, 



